Table 3.
Abnormal proteins in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BDNF, synaptosomal-associated protein-25; SNAP-25, cyclic-AMP response element binding protein; CREB, amyloid beta A4 precursor protein; APP, striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase; STEP, growth associated protein 43; GAP43, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate1; RAC1, interleukin; IL, tumor necrosis factor-α; TNF-α, acute phase; AP, chronic phase; CP.
| Region | Marker | Schizophrenia | Bipolar Disorder |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hippocampus | Reelin | ↓↓ | ↓ |
| BDNF | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | |
| Complexin1 | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | |
| Complexin2 | ↓ | ↓ | |
| SNAP-25 | - | ↓ | |
| Parvalbumin | ↓↓ | ↓ | |
| Glucocorticoid receptor | ↓ | ↓ | |
| Dopamine 5 receptor | - | ↑ | |
| Serotonin 2A receptor | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | |
| Prefrontal cortex | Reelin | ↓↓ | ↓ |
| Kainate receptor KA2 subunit | - | ↓ | |
| Glucocorticoid receptor | ↓ | - | |
| Dopamine D2 receptor | ↓ | - | |
| CREB | - | ↓ | |
| Homer1 | ↓ | ↓ | |
| APP | ↓ | ↓ | |
| STEP | ↓ | - | |
| Anterior cingulate cortex | Synaptophysin | - | ↓↓ |
| Neuromodulin (GAP43) | - | ↓↓ | |
| Complexin2 | - | ↓ | |
| Calbindin | ↓ | ↓ | |
| CREB | ↓ | ↓ | |
| Lateral cerebellum | RAC1 | - | ↑ |
| Blood | IL-1β | ↑ (AP)↑ (CP) | ↑ (CP) |
| IL-1RA | ↑ (AP) | ↑ (AP) ↓ (CP) | |
| sIL-2R | ↑ (AP) ↑ (CP) | ↑ (AP) ↑ (CP) | |
| IL-6 | ↑ (AP) ↑ (CP) | ↑ (AP) ↑ (CP) | |
| TNF-α | ↑ (AP) ↑ (CP) | ↑ (AP) |