Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of type 2 diabetes according to retinopathy status.
| Characteristics | All participants, N = 1527 | No DR, N = 898 | NPDR, N = 405 | PDR, N = 224 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58 ± 11 | 58 ± 11 | 60 ± 11 | 57 ± 11 | 0.003 |
| Male | 724 (47.4) | 418 (46.5) | 188 (46.4) | 118 (52.7) | 0.232 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 9.2 ± 7.7 | 7.1 ± 6.6 | 12.2 ± 8.3 | 11.9 ± 7.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 3.7 | 25.3 ± 3.6 | 24.6 ± 3.7 | 23.5 ± 3.7 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130.5 ± 19.4 | 129.0 ± 18.5 | 132.0 ± 20.3 | 133.6 ± 21.2 | 0.014 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.7 ± 13.1 | 76.9 ± 12.8 | 78.5 ± 12.9 | 79.6 ± 14.2 | 0.063 |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 151.4 ± 72.8 | 143.9 ± 64.4 | 157.3 ± 71.8 | 170.9 ± 97.7 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.8 ± 1.8 | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 8.3 ± 1.9 | 8.3 ± 2.1 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.1 ± 1.8 | 13.5 ± 1.6 | 12.7 ± 1.9 | 12.0 ± 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 167.2 ± 39.0 | 167.2 ± 35.0 | 166.4 ± 44.1 | 168.5 ± 44.0 | 0.826 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and number (percent). Abbreviation: DR: diabetic retinopathy; NPDR: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; Hemoglobin A1c: HbA1c.