Table 3.
Logistic models for DR progression.
| Characteristics | From no DR to NPDR | From NPDR to PDR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
| Age (per year) | 0.999 (0.981-1.018) | 0.953 (0.926-0.980)∗ | 0.966 (0.937-0.995)∗ | |
| Duration of diabetes (per year) | 1.067 (1.037-1.098)∗ | 1.062 (1.025-1.100)∗ | 0.995(0.995-1.037) | |
| FPG (per mg/dl) | 1.006 (1.003-1.008)∗ | 1.003 (1.000-1.007) | 1.003 (0.999-1.007) | |
| HbA1c (per %) | 1.401 (1.261-1.557)∗ | 1.353 (1.191-1.537)∗ | 1.210 (1.028-1.426)∗ | 1.111 (0.933-1.323) |
| Albuminuria (vs. no) | 3.843 (1.889-7.819)∗ | 2.791 (1.244-6.263)∗ | 1.993 (0.908-4.376) | |
| eGFR (per ml/min/1.73m2) | 0.993 (0.982-1.003) | 0.998 (0.983-1.013) | ||
| Decrease eGFR > 20% (vs. no) | 1.953 (1.005-3.796)∗ | 0.879 (0.373-2.075) | 3.423 (1.696-6.908)∗ | 2.553 (1.219-5.348)∗ |
∗ p < 0.05. Abbreviation: DR: diabetic retinopathy; NPDR: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; hemoglobin A1c: HbA1c; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.