Table 2.
Ongoing clinical trials with TKIs in DTC.
| Drug | Combination | Drug Targets | Population | Phase | N | Primary Endpoint | Status | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cabozantinib NCT03690388 |
N/A | MET, VEGFR2, FLT3, c-KIT, and RET | RAI-R DTC Progressed to 1 or 2 previous AntiVEGFR |
III | 300 | PFS ORR |
Recruiting | Not available |
| Donafenib NCT03602495 |
N/A | RAF, VEGFR, PDGFR | RAI-R DTC | III | 204 | PFS | Recruiting | Not available |
| Apatinib NCT03048877 |
N/A | VEGFR2 | RAI-R DTC | III | 118 | PFS | Active, not recruiting | Not available |
| Axitinib NCT00389441 |
N/A | VEGFR, PDGFR, c-kit | RAI-R DTC Unresectable Locally-Advanced Thyroid Cancer | II | 52 | ORR | Completed | 34.6% [73] |
| Axitinib NCT00094055 |
N/A | VEGFR, PDGFR, c-kit | RAI-R DTC Metastatic ATC, MTC | II | 60 | ORR | Completed | 30% [74] |
| Motesanib NCT00121628 |
N/A | VEGFR, PDGFR, c-kit | RAI-R DTC MTC | II | 184 | ORR | Completed | 14% [75] |
| Sulfatinib NCT02614495 |
N/A | VEGFR, FGFR1 | RAI-R DTC MTC | II | 66 | ORR | Completed | Not available |
| Sunitinib NCT00519896 |
N/A | PDGFR, FLT3, c-KIT, VEGFR, RET | RAI-R DTC MTC | II | 35 | ORR | Completed | 33.3% [76] |
| Pazopanib NCT01813136 |
N/A | VEGFR, PDGFR, c-kit | RAI-R DTC | II | 168 | TTF | Completed | Not available |
| Dovitinib NCT01964144 |
N/A | VEGFR, FGFR | RAI-R DTC MTC | II | 40 | ORR | Completed | Not available |
| Anlotinib NCT02586337 |
N/A | VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, c-kit | RAI-R DTC | II | 113 | PFS | Active, not recruiting | Not available |
| Sorafenib NCT00654238 |
N/A | VEGFR, PDGFR, BRAF | RAI-R DTC, ATC, MTC | II | 59 | ORR, SD | Completed | 86.4% in DTC; 50% in PDTC [77] |
| Selumetinib NCT00559949 |
N/A | MEK 1–2 | RAI-R DTC | II | 39 | ORR | Completed | 3.1% [78] |
| Vemurafenib NCT01286753 |
N/A | BRAF | BRAF V600E RAI-R DTC | II | 51 | ORR | Completed | 42.3% [72] |
| Dabrafenib NCT01947023 |
Lapatinib | BRAF + EGFR/HER2 | BRAF V600E or V600K RAI-R DTC | I | 21 | MTD | Active, not recruiting | Not available |
| Dabrafenib NCT01723202 |
Trametinib | BRAF +/- MEK | BRAF + RAI-R DTC | II | 53 | ORR | Active, not recruiting | Not available |
| Trametinib NCT03244956 | Dabrafenib | MEK +/- BRAF | RAS (NRAS or KRAS or HRAS) or BRAFV600E or K601E mutation RAI-R DTC | II | 87 | ORR | Recruiting | Not available |
| Everolimus NCT01164176 |
N/A | mTOR | RAI-R DTC | II | 40 | DCR | Completed | 81% [79] |
| Everolimus NCT01263951 |
Sorafenib | mTOR + VEGFR, PDGFR, BRAF | RAI-R DTC progressed to sorafenib | II | 35 | PFS, ORR, SD | Completed | Not available |
| Temsirolimus NCT01025453 |
Sorafenib | mTOR + VEGFR, PDGFR, BRAF | RAI-R DTC | II | 37 | ORR | Completed | 26.7% [80] |
| Everolimus NCT03139747 |
Lenvatinib | mTOR + FGFR, VEGFR, RET, c-KIT and PDGFR α | RAI-R DTC progressed to lenvatinib | II | 5 | PFS | Completed | Not available |
| Sorafenib NCT02143726 |
Everolimus | VEGFR, PDGFR, BRAF +/− mTOR | RAI hurthle cell thyroid cancer | II | 35 | PFS | Active, not recruiting | Not available |
| Neratinib NCT03065387 |
Everolimus, palbociclib or trametinib | Pan-HER inhibitor + mTOR, CDK4/6, MEK | Refractory and Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors | I | 120 | MTD | Recruiting | Not available |
RAI-R DTC: radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer, MTC: medullary thyroid cancer, ATC: anaplastic thyroid cancer, PFS: progression free survival, ORR: objective response rate, TTF: time to treatment failure, MTD: maximum tolerated dose, SD: stable disease, N/A: not/applicable.