Table 1.

Receptors known to bind fibrinogen and D-dimer and the effects they elicit within different cell types.

Cell Type	Receptor	Effect	References
Endothelial cells (EC)	Integrins αVβ3 and α5β1	Endothelial cell proliferation, endothelial cell activation, angiogenesis, increased EC permeability and vasoconstriction	[34,66,67,68,69]
	Integrin αMβ2	Facilitates interaction fibrinogen with ICAM-1 during leukocyte transmigration	[70]
	ICAM-1	Platelet adhesion, leucocyte adhesion and transmigration to site of infection, mitogenesis, angiogenesis, cell survival, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ICAM-1 receptor recruitment to EC membrane and vasoconstriction	[70,71,72,73,74,75]
Platelets	Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa	Platelet activation and spreading, integrin activation and granule secretion	[71]
	Glycoprotein VI (GPVI)	Platelet activation and spreading, integrin activation and granule secretion	[40,48,76,77,78]
	Integrins αIIbβ3 αVβ3	Outside-in signalling in platelets—platelet spreading and granule secretion	[34,40,67,79,80,81]
Erythrocytes	αIIbβ3-related type integrin? CD47	Erythrocyte aggregation and adhesion	[47,82,83,84]
iD-dimer and/or Fragment D
Endothelial cells	ICAM-1	Arterial constriction	[47]
Platelets	Integrin αIIbβ3	Platelet spreading and aggregation	[78]
	GPVI (monomeric/dimeric?)	Platelet spreading	[48,85]