Table 1.

Interactions of Chitosan and its Derivatives.

No.	Polymer	Molecule	Binding Type	Outcomes	Index
1	Chitosan	Insulin	Hydrophobic interactions Electrostatic interactions Hydrogen bonds	Conformational alteration	[67]
2		Insulin	Ionic bonds	Increased absorption	[68]
3		Trypsin and trypsin inhibitors	Van der Waals bonds Hydrogen bonds	Improves stability	[36]
4		HSA	Electrostatic interactions	Conformational changes	[36]
5		BSA	Hydrophobic interactions	Conformational modification	[36]
6		Lipids	Electrostatic interactions Hydrophobic interactions Hydrogen bonds	Improves system stability	[5]
7		Indomethacin	Ionic bonds Electrostatic interactions	Increase solubility	[68]
8		Pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde	Substitution reaction	Shiff base with superior antibacterial and antifungal effects	[70]
9		Pluronic-CHO-benzaldehyde	Substitution reaction	Schiff Base; hydrogel with joint-like properties	[71]
10	Carboxymethyl chitosan	PEG	Substitution reaction	Schiff Base; hemostatic material	[71]
11	N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan	Oxidized hyaluronic acid	Substitution reaction	Schiff Base: hydrogel that prevents postoperative adhesion	[71]