Table 1.

Clinical research responses to the COVID-19 pandemic

Research response	COVID-19	Non-COVID-19 conditions
Clinical trial priorities	Anti-viral treatment protocols prioritized	Resources redirected
Regulatory and Institutional Review Board	Expedited preparation, review and approval	Sponsors and sites rapidly developed and approval received for remote trial conduct
Sponsor and financial management	Accelerated contracts and budget	Resources redirected to support participant outreach and to deploy technologies for remote trial conduct
Study timelines	First participant enrolled <1 week from protocol receipt	Enrolment periods extended if in-person visit required
Investigators and coordinators	Multi-specialty team: infectious disease, pulmonary–critical care, hospital medicine, nephrology and cardiology	Roles and responsibilities: team ethos, flexibility and cross-training
Patient access and on-study culture	A study for every patient: daily huddle for case review; remote consenting; consenting by legally authorized representative; informed consent forms translated into five languages to match patient demographics	Sustain engagement: frequent outreach; provide updates; answer questions; address concerns; remote technologies for study participation; survey about experiences and perspectives for study conduct
COVID-19-related considerations	Portfolio: interventional treatments for full spectrum of patients; observational studies for epidemiology; biobanking; serology testing	Study conduct: missed visits and data; interruption of study treatment; protocol deviations; adverse events; impact on key outcomes

COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.