| 5-FU | 5-fluorouracil |
| ABC | ATP-binding cassette transporters |
| ADR | Adverse drug reactions |
| AKT | RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase |
| APAF-1 | Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 |
| APC | 7-ethyl-10-[4-N-(5-aminopentanoic acid)-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin |
| ATM | Serine-protein kinase ATM |
| BAK | Bcl-2 homologous antagonist |
| BAX | Apoptosis regulator protein BAX |
| BCL10 | B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 |
| BCL-xL | Anti-apoptotic protein BCL-Xl |
| CD24 | Signal transducer CD24 |
| CDC2 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 |
| CDC25C | M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 |
| CDK4 | Cyclin dependent kinase 4 |
| CES1/2 | Carboxylesterase converting enzymes |
| CHK2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase CHK2 |
| CPT-11 | 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]-carbonyloxycamptothecine |
| CRC | Colorectal cancer |
| DDR | DNA damage response |
| DSB | Double strand break |
| FAS | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 |
| GOs | Graphene oxides |
| hBChE | Butyrylcholinesterase |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated serine/threonine protein kinase |
| MCL-1 | Myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein |
| MDM2 | Mouse double minute 2 homolog |
| mTOR | Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR |
| NANOG | Homeobox protein NANOG |
| NOXA | Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 |
| NPC | 7-ethyl-10-(4-amino-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin |
| NSCLC | Non-small cell lung cancer |
| OATP1B1 | Human organic anion transporter |
| OS | Overall survival |
| P38 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase P38 |
| PAMAM | PEGylated polyamidoamine |
| PEG | Polyethylene glycol |
| PFS | Progression-free survival |
| PLGA–PEG | Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) |
| pRB | Retinoblastoma gene product |
| PSMA | Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen |
| PTK | Protein tyrosine kinase |
| PUMA | p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis/ Bcl-2-binding component 3, isoforms ½ |
| PVP | Polyvinylpyrrolidone |
| SCLC | Small cell lung cancer |
| SIPS | Stress-induced premature senescence |
| SNPs | Single-nucleotide polymorphisms |
| TMP | Thymidine monophosphate production |
| TOP | Topoisomerase |
| TP53 | Cellular tumor antigen p53 |
| UGT | Uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes |
| β-CD | β-cyclodextrin |