Table 2.
Carotenoids identified in Chlorella vulgaris. The underlined fragment ion is unique to the corresponding compound. The table shows peak number, name of the carotenoid, retention time in minutes (tR), characteristic absorption frequencies in nanometers (λmax), parent ion [M + H]+ mass per charge ratio, MS/MS mass per charge ratio of fragment ions, and references.
| Peak | Carotenoid | tR (min) | λmax (nm) | [M + H]+ (m/z) | MS/MS (m/z) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | Vulgaxanthin I | 3.98 | 424, 476 | 340 | 322 (M + H − 18)+ (20%) 209 (100%), 84 (3%) |
Not previously reported in C. vulgaris |
| 16 | Neoxanthin | 14.35 | 414, 436, 462 | 601.4 | 583.4 (M + H − 18)+ (8%) 491.4 (M + H − 92 − 18)+ (10%) 221.2 (100%) |
[33,34,36] |
| 17 | Violaxanthin | 14.52 | 416, 442 | 601.4 | 583.4 (M + H − 18)+ (6%) 565.4 (M + H − 18 − 18)+ (4%) 509.4 (M + H − 92)+ (4%) 491.4 (M + H − 92 − 18)+ (7%) 221.2 (100%) |
[33,34,36,37,38] |
| 18 | Antheraxanthin | 14.55–14.60 | 400, 424 | 585.4 | 567.4 (M + H − 18)+ (35%) 475.4 (M + H − 92 − 18)+ (10%) 221.2 (100%) |
[35,38] |
| 20 | Lutein | 15.35–15.36 | 414, 438, 464 | 569.4 | 551.4 (M + H − 18)+ (25%) 533.4 (M + H − 18 − 18)+ (5%) |
[32,33,34,36] |
| 26 | Astaxanthin | 19.21 | 372, 436 | 596.6 | 578.6 (M + H − 18)+ (100%) 560.6 (M + H − 18 − 18)+ (10%) 284.3 (50%) |
[39] |
| 29 | β-carotene | 23.15–23.16 | 412, 440, 468 | 536.4 | 444.4 (M + H − 92)+ (20%) 321.3 (18%) |
[33,34,39] |