Table 2.
Activation of AMPK suppresses oxidative stress. AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; WT, wild-type; SD, Sprague Dawley; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; UCP, uncoupling protein; NOX, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; PGC, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator.
| Stimuli | ROS | Cell Types |
Animal Strains | Mechanisms | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A-769662 | Mitochondrial ROS | MEF | N/A | AMPK-PGC1α-CAT/SOD1/SOD2/UCP2 axis | [51] |
| Salicylate, AICAR | Mitochondrial ROS | RAEC, EA.hy926 | WT SD rats | AMPK axis | [68] |
| Miglitol | N/A | bEnd.3 | N/A | AMPK-eNOS axis | [69] |
| N/A | Intracellular ROS | HUVEC | AMPKα2−/− mice | AMPK-NOX axis | [70] |
| Metformin, AICAR | Mitochondrial ROS | HUVEC | N/A | AMPK-PGC1α-MnSOD axis | [71] |
| Metformin, AICAR | Superoxide | HUVEC | AMPKα2−/− mice | AMPK-UCP2 axis | [72] |
| Metformin | Oxidative stress | N/A | WT BALB/c mice | AMPK-PGC1/SOD1 axis | [73] |