Table 2.

Antimicrobial effects of AbM, HE and GF against bacteria and parasites

Microbe	Experimental model	Mushroom product	Antimicrobial effect/Mechanism	Author	References
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6	Mice, sepsis	Mycelium extract incl. HE, GF (Andosan) p.o.	Reduced bacteraemia, Increased survival	Bernardshaw et al, 2005	[39]
Streptococcus mutans	In vitro	Erinacine from HE	Suppressed mutacin synthesis	Premnath et al, 2018	[43]
Faecal Gram neg. bacteria	Mice, sepsis	Mycelium extract incl. HE, GF, (Andosan), p.o.	Reduced bacteraemia, Increased survival	Bernardshaw et al, 2006	[40]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	In vitro	AbM	Antiquorum sensing	Sokovic et al, 2014	[44]
Pseudomonas sp, pathogen opportunists	Plaque formation inhib. test	GF furanone	Inhibition	He et al, 2016	[48]
Helicobacter pylori	In vitro	HE extract	Inhibition	Liu et al, 2016	[49]
	In vitro & Mouse colonization assay	HE extract	Inhibition	Wang et al, 2019	[51]
Microbiota	Mice	HE	Improved colonic health	Wang et al, 2018	[52]
Leishmania	Mice, visceral L	AbM extract	Th1 response	Valadares et al, 2012	[45]
	Mice	AbM extract	Th1 response	de Jesus Pereira et al, 2015	[46]
Plasmodium berghei	Mice, cerebral malaria	AbM	Improved outcome	Val et al, 2015	[47]