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. 2020 Jul 12;21(14):4918. doi: 10.3390/ijms21144918

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Proposed model of allosteric modulation in inflammation: Allosteric modulators can potentially restore cholinergic transmission in the cells by binding to neuronal acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This can attenuate the exacerbated expression of predominant inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitric oxide species (RNS), astrocytes, microglia and cytokines such as TGF-β (Transforming growth factor-beta), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (IF-γ).