Table 1.
WHO‐recommended vaccines
| Antigen | Route of delivery | Formulation | Booster | Adjuvant |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recommended for all children | ||||
| BCG (tuberculosis) | Percutaneous | Live attenuated | No | None |
| Hepatitis B | Intramuscular | Protein subunit | No | Aluminum salts, LPS |
| Polio | Oral, intramuscular | Live attenuated, protein subunit | Yes, during travel | Aluminum salts |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis | Intramuscular | Protein subunit | Yes, 3 | CpG |
| Haemophilus influenza type B | Intramuscular | Live attenuated | Yes, 1 | Polysaccharides and carrier proteins |
| Pneumococcal | Intramuscular | Protein subunit | Yes, 1 | Aluminum salts |
| Rotavirus | Oral | Live attenuated | No | Toxoid |
| Measles | Intramuscular | Live attenuated | Yes, 1 | None |
| Rubella | Intramuscular | Live attenuated | No | None |
| Human papillomavirus | Intramuscular | Protein subunit | No | Aluminum salts |
| Recommended for children residing in certain regions | ||||
| Japanese encephalitis | Intramuscular | Live attenuated | No | Aluminum salts |
| Yellow fever | Subcutaneous or intramuscular | Live attenuated | No | Aluminum salts |
| Tick‐borne encephalitis | Intramuscular | Whole inactivated | Yes, every 3 years | Aluminum salts |
| Recommended for children in some high‐risk populations | ||||
| Typhoid | Oral, intramuscular | Live attenuated | Yes, every 3 years | Aluminum salts, polysaccharides, carrier proteins |
| Cholera | Oral | Killed whole cell | Yes, every 2 years | Toxoid |
| Meningococcal | Intramuscular | Protein subunit | Yes, after 1 year | Toxoid |
| Hepatitis A | Intramuscular | Live attenuated, inactivated | None | Aluminum salts |
| Rabies | Intramuscular, intradermal | Live attenuated | None | Aluminum salts |
| Dengue | Intramuscular | Virus backbone vector | None | None |
| Recommended for children in certain immunization programs | ||||
| Mumps | Intramuscular | Live attenuated | None | None |
| Seasonal influenza | Intramuscular | Inactivated | Yes, annually | Vary based on formulation |
| Intranasal | Live attenuated | |||
| Varicella | Intramuscular | Live attenuated | None | CpG |
Note: Vaccines may be composed of whole organisms (live attenuated or inactivated) or a component derived from the pathogen (protein subunit, nucleic acid). Most vaccines are delivered via an injection intramuscularly or intradermally. Vaccines for diseases that initiate in the gastrointestinal system may be given orally (polio); those against respiratory diseases may be dispensed intranasally (influenza). The recommended programs are based on the routine vaccinations provided by the World Health Organization (WHO).[ 37 ]
Abbreviations: CpG, cytosine phosphoguanine; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.