TABLE 1.
COVID‐19 pharmacological therapies registered on clinicaltrial.gov (accessed at April 8, 2020)
| Drug | Type of study | Estimated enrollment | Treatment | Primary outcome | ClinicalTrials.gov identifier | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate (os) | Two‐arm, open label, pragmatic randomized controlled trial. | 220 participants | 400 mg hydroxychloroquine sulfate (equaling 310 mg base) twice daily for seven days | Rate of decline in SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load | NCT04316377 | Norway |
|
Lopinavir/ritonavir (os) Arbidol (os) |
A randomized, open‐label, controlled study | 125 participants | Group A: Standard treatment + lopinavir/ritonavir (lopinavir 200 mg and ritonavir 50 mg oral, q12h, every time 2 tablets of each, taking for 7–14 days). In group B standard treatment + arbidol (arbidol 100 mg, oral, tid, 200 mg each time, taking for 7–14 days). Group C (control) only given ordinary treatment | The rate of virus inhibition | NCT04252885 | China |
|
Lopinavir/ritonavir (os) ribavirin (os) interferon Beta‐1B (s.c.) |
An open‐label randomized controlled trial | 70 participants |
Group A: Lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg/100 mg twice daily for 14 days + ribavirin 400 mg twice daily for 14 days + interferon Beta‐1B 0.25 mg subcutaneous injection alternate day for 3 days. Group control: Lopinavir/ritonavir 400 mg/100 mg twice daily for 14 days |
Time to negative NPS 2019‐n‐CoV RT‐PCR | NCT04276688 | Hong Kong |
| Exosomes derived from allogenic adipose mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs‐Exo) (aerosol) | Pilot clinical study | 30 participants | Conventional treatment and aerosol inhalation of MSCs‐derived exosomes treatment participants will receive conventional treatment and 5 times aerosol inhalation of MSCs‐derived exosomes | Adverse reaction (AE) and severe adverse reaction and time to clinical improvement | NCT04276987 | China |
|
Xiyanping injection drugs Lopinavir tablet or ritonavir tablet (os) Alpha‐interferon nebulization (aerosol) |
A prospective, randomized, open, parallel controlled, Multicenter clinical study | 348 participants | Group A: Xiyanping injection, 10–20 ml daily, Qd, the maximum daily does not exceed 500 mg (20 ml) + Lopinavir tablet or ritonavir tablet + alpha‐interferon nebulization, for 7–14 days. Group control: Lopinavir/ritonavir tablets, 2 times a day, 2 tablets at a time; alpha‐interferon nebulization. | Clinical recovery time | NCT04275388 | China |
| Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (i.v.) | Open label clinical trial | 20 participants | Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy | Size of lesion area by chest radiograph or CT | NCT04252118 | China |
|
Lopinavir/ritonavir (os) ribavirin (os) |
A multicenter, double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial | 340 participants | Lopinavir/ritonavir plus ribavirin | Development of severe SARS | NCT00578825 | China |
| Nitric oxide gas (inhalated) | A multicenter, double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial | 104 participants | Group A: NO will be delivered at 80 ppm (ppm) in the first 48 hr of enrollment. Group control: Air without NO. | SARS‐free patients at 14 days | NCT04290871 | China/Italy |
| Hydroxychloroquine (os) | A multicenter, double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial | 1,500 participants | Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg tablet; 800 mg orally once, followed in 6 to 8 hr by 600 mg, then 600 mg once a day for 6 consecutive days. Group control: Placebo | Incidence of COVID19 disease | NCT04308668 | United States |
| Pirfenidone (os) | A randomized, open‐label study | 294 participants | Pirfenidone is administered orally 3 times a day, 2 tablets each time, for a period of 4 weeks or longer. Group control: Standard medication. | Lesion area of chest CT image at 4 weeks | NCT04282902 | China |
| Remdesivir (i.v.) | A Multicenter, adaptive, randomized blinded controlled trial | 394 participants | 200 mg of Remdesivir administered intravenously on Day 1, followed by a 100 mg once‐daily maintenance dose of Remdesivir for the duration of the hospitalization up to a 10 days total course. Group control: Placebo | Percentage of subjects reporting each severity rating on the 7‐point ordinal scale | NCT04280705 | United States |
|
Remdesivir (os) Lopinavir/ritonavir (os) Interferon Beta‐1A (s.c.) |
Multicenter, adaptive, randomized trial | 3,200 participants | Group 1: Remdesivir will be administered as a 200 mg intravenous loading dose on Day 1, followed by a 100 mg once‐daily intravenous maintenance dose for the duration of the hospitalization up to a 10 days total course. Group B: Lopinavir/ritonavir (400 lopinavir mg/100 mg ritonavir) will be administered every 12 hr for 14 days in tablet form. For patients who are unable to take medications by mouth, the lopinavir/ritonavir (400 lopinavir mg/100 mg ritonavir) will be administered as a 5‐ml suspension every 12 hr for 14 days via a preexisting or newly placed nasogastric tube. Group C:Lopinavir/ritonavir (400 lopinavir mg/100 mg ritonavir) will be administered every 12 hr for 14 days in tablet form. For patients who are unable to take medications by mouth, the lopinavir/ritonavir (400 lopinavir mg/100 mg ritonavir) will be administered as a 5‐ml suspension every 12 hr for 14 days via a preexisting or newly placed nasogastric tube. Interferon ß1a will be administered subcutaneously at the dose of 44 μg for a total of 3 doses in 6 days (Day 1, Day 3, and Day 6). Group D (control): Standard of care. |
Percentage of subjects reporting each severity rating on a 7‐point ordinal scale [time frame: Day 15] not hospitalized, no limitations on activities not hospitalized, limitation on activities; hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen; hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; hospitalized, on noninvasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO; death. |
NCT04315948 | France |
| Chloroquine (os) | Double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial | 10,000 participants | Chloroquine loading dose of 10 mg base/ kg followed by 150 mg daily (250 mg chloroquine phosphate salt) will be taken for 3 month. Group control: Placebo. | Number of symptomatic COVID‐19 infections will be compared in subjects randomized to chloroquine or placebo | NCT04303507 | UK |
|
Bromhexine (os) Arbidol (os) Recombinant human interferon α2b (spray) Favipiravir (os) |
Random, open, group sequential design | 60 participants | Group A: Bromhexine hydrochloride tablets + Favipiravir tablets + Arbidol hydrochloride Granulesa as standard treatment + recombinant human interferon α2b spray as standard treatment. Group control: Arbidol hydrochloride granules as standard treatment + recombinant human interferon α2b spray as standard treatment | Time to clinical recovery after treatment | NCT04273763 | China |
| Bevacizumab (i.v.) | Pilot study | 20 participants | Bevacizumab 500 mg i.v. | Partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) to fraction of inspiration O2 (FiO2) ratio | NCT04275414 | China |
| Fingolimod (os) | Open label | 30 participants | Fingolimod 0,5 mg once daily, for three consecutive days | The change of pneumonia severity on X‐ray images | NCT04280588 | China |
| T89 (os) | An open‐label, randomized, blank‐controlled treatment clinical study | 120 participants | The subjects in the T89 treatment group will receive 30 pills of T89 orally, bid., for 10 days, except a standard background treatment (antiviral drug + antibacterial + oxygen therapy + traditional Chinese medicine decoction). The subjects in the blank control group will only receive a standard background treatment. | The time to oxygen saturation recovery to normal level | NCT04285190 | China |
|
ASC09/ritonavir (os) lopinavir/ritonavir (os) |
A randomized, open‐label, multicenter clinical trial | 160 participants | Group A: ASC09/ritonavir(300 mg/100 mg tablet), one tablet each time, twice daily, for 14 days, + conventional standardized treatment. Group control: Lopinavir/ritonavir tablets(200 mg/50 mg tablet), two tablets each time, twice daily, for 14 days, + conventional standardized treatment | The incidence of composite adverse outcome | NCT04261907 | China |
| Eculizumab (i.v.) | Pilot study | 900 mg IV every 7 days for 4 weeks THEN 1200 mg IV on the fifth week THEN 1200 mg IV every 14 days ongoing | Prevent compliment mediated mortality & injury | NCT04288713 | United States | |
|
Oseltamivir (os) Chloroquin (os) Lopinavir (os) ritonavir (os) Favipiravir (os) Oseltamivir (os) Darunavir (os) |
A 6‐week prospective, open label, randomized, in Multicenter study | 80 participants | Group A: Oseltamivir 300 mg per day plus Chloroquin 1,000 mg per day in mild COVID19. Group B: Lopinavir 10 mg/kg and ritonavir 2.5 mg/kg plus Favipiravir 2,400 mg, 2,400 mg, and 1,200 mg every 8 hr on Day 1, and a maintenance dose of 1,200 mg twice a day in mild COVID19. Group C: Lopipinavir 10 mg/kg and ritonavir 2.5 mg/kg plus Oseltamivir 4–6 mg /kg in mild COVID19. Group D: Lopipinavir 10 mg/kg and ritonavir 2.5 mg/kg plus Oseltamivir 4–6 mg /kg in moderate to critically ill COVID19. Group E: Favipiravir 2,400 mg, 2,400 mg, and 1,200 mg every 8 hr on Day 1, and a maintenance dose of 1,200 mg twice a day plus Lopipinavir 10 mg/kg and ritonavir 2.5 mg/kg in moderate to critically ill COVID19. Group F: Combination of Darunavir 400 mg every 8 hr ritonavir ritonavir 2.5 mg/kg plus Oseltamivir 4–6 mg /kg plus Chloroquine 500 mg per day in moderate to critically ill COVID19. Group G: Favipiravir 2,400 mg, 2,400 mg, and 1,200 mg every 8 hr on Day 1, and a maintenance dose of 1,200 mg twice a day plus Darunavir 400 mg every 8 hr ritonavir ritonavir 2.5 mg/kg plus Chloroquine 500 mg per day in moderate to critically ill COVID19. Group H: Patient who unwilling to treatment and willing to quarantine in mild COVID19 | SARS‐CoV‐2 eradication time | NCT04303299 | Thailand |
| Recombinant human interferon α1β (aerosol) | Randomized, open, blank control study | 328 participants | Group A: Standard treatment + recombinant human interferon α1β 10ug bid was administered by nebulization for 10 days. Group control: Standard treatment. | The incidence of side effects | NCT04293887 | China |
|
Carrimycin (os) lopinavir/ritonavir (os) Arbidol (os) chloroquine phosphate (os) |
Randomized open label study | 520 participants | Group A: Carrimycin + basic treatment. Group control: Lopinavir/ritonavir tablets or Arbidol or chloroquine phosphate. | Fever to normal time (day) | NCT04286503 | China |
|
Lopinavir/ritonavir (os) Xiyanping (i.v.) |
Multicenter Randomzied Opena label clinical study | 80 participants | Group A: Lopinavir/ritonavir tablets combined with Xiyanping injection. Group control: Lopinavir/ritonavir tablets | Clinical recovery time | NCT04295551 | China |
|
Danoprevir (os) ritonavir (os) interferon (aerosol) Pegasys (s.c.) Novaferon (aerosol) Lopinavir + ritonavir (os) Chinese medicines (os) interferon (aerosol) |
An open and controlled clinical trial | 50 participants | Group A: Danoprevir one tablet (100 mg/tablet) at a time, twice a day, up to 14 days. Ritonavir one tablet (100 mg/tablet) at a time, twice a day, up to 14 days. With or without spray inhalation of interferon, 50 μg/time for adults, twice a day up to 14 days. Group B: Pegasys 180 μg, subcutaneous injection once a week. Group C: Spray inhalation of Novaferon, 20 μg, twice a day, up to 14 days. Group D: Lopinavir/ritonavir, 200 mg/50 mg, per tablet, oral, 2 tablets at a time, twice a day, up to 14 days. Group E: Chinese medicines, up to 14 days. Spray inhalation of interferon, 50 μg/time for adults, twice a day up to 14 days. | Rate of composite adverse outcomes | NCT04291729 | China |
|
Lopinavir /ritonavir (os) interferon beta‐1b (s.c.) |
Randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial | 194 participants | Group A: Lopinavir /ritonavir 400 mg +100 mg/ml twice daily for 14 days and interferon beta‐1b 0.25 mg subcutaneous every alternate day for 14 days. Group control: Lopinavir /ritonavir 400 mg +100 mg/ml twice daily for 14 days and interferon beta‐1b 0.25 mg subcutaneous every alternate day for 14 days | 90‐day mortality | NCT02845843 | Saudi Arabia |
| CD24Fc (i.v.) | A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multisite trial | 230 participants | Group A: CD24Fc is given on Day 1. Group control: Placebo is given on Day 1. | Improvement of COVID‐19 disease status | NCT04317040 | |
| Hydroxychloroquine (os) | Double blinded, randomized controlled trial | 500 participants | Group A: Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg day for 10 days. Group control: Placebo | All‐cause hospital mortality | NCT04315896 | Mexico |
|
Alfa interferon (aerosol) lopinavir/ritonavir (os) |
Randomized open label study | 150 participants | Group A: Oxygen therapy, antiviral therapy (alfa interferon via aerosol inhalation, and lopinavir/ritonavir, 400 mg/100 mg, p.o. bid) + traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) granules: 20 g, p.o, bid, for 14 days. Group control: Oxygen therapy, antiviral therapy (alfa interferon via aerosol inhalation, and lopinavir/ritonavir, 400 mg/100 mg, p.o, bid) for 14 days. | Time to complete remission of 2019‐nCoV infection‐associated symptoms | NCT04251871 | China |
| Methylprednisolone (i.v.) | Randomized open label study | 80 participants | Group A: Methylprednisolone 40 mg q12h for 5 days + standard care. Group control: Standard care. | Lower Murray lung injury score | NCT04244591 | China |
| Nitric oxide gas (inhalated) | Open label study | 460 participants | Group A: NO will be delivered at 160 ppm (ppm) for 15 min in each cycle. Group control: No intervention | COVID‐19 diagnosis | NCT04312243 | United States |
| Losartan (os) | Randomized controlled trial | 200 participants | Group A: Losartan; 25 mg daily; oral administration. Group control: Placebo | Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) respiratory score | NCT04312009 | United States |
|
Darunavir (os) Cobicistat (os) |
Randomized open label study | 30 participants | Group A: Darunavir and cobicistat one tablet per day for 5 days + conventional treatments. Group control: Conventional treatment. | The virological clearance rate of throat swabs, sputum, or lower respiratory tract secretions at Day 7 | NCT04252274 | China |
|
Favipiravir (os) Tocilizumab (i.v.) |
Multicenter, randomized and controlled clinical trial | 150 participants |
Group A: Favipiravir: On the first day, 1,600 mg each time, twice a day; from the second to the seventh day, 600 mg each time, twice a day. Oral administration, the maximum number of days taken is not more than 7 days + Tocilizumab: The first dose is 4 ~ 8 mg/kg and the recommended dose is 400 mg. Group B: Favipiravir on the first day, 1,600 mg each time, twice a day; from the second to the seventh day, 600 mg each time, twice a day. Oral administration, the maximum number of days taken is not more than 7 days. Group C: Tocilizumab The first dose is 4 ~ 8 mg/kg and the recommended dose is 400 mg. |
Clinical cure rate | NCT04310228 | China |
| Tetrandine (os) | Randomized open label study | 60 participants | Group A: Tetrandrine 60 mg QD for 1 week. Group control: No intervention | Survival rate | NCT04308317 | China |
| Aviptadil (i.v. and endotracheal nebulization) | Ransomized crossover trial | 20 participants | Group A: Aviptadil by intravenous infusion followed by Aviptadil by endotracheal nebulization. Group B: Aviptadil endotracheal nebulization followed by Aviptadil intravenous infusion | Mortality | NCT04311697 | United States/Israel |
| Arbidol (os) | Randomized, open label, Multicenter study | 380 participants | Group A: Arbidol tablets: Take 2 tablets/time, 3 times/day for 14–20 days + conventional treatment. Group control: Conventional treatment | Virus negative conversion rate in the first week | NCT04260594 | China |
| Thalidomide (os) | Prospective, Multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo, parallel controlled clinical study | 100 participants | Group A: thalidomide100mg for 14 days. Group control: Placebo 100 mg for 14 days. | Time to clinical recovery (TTCR) | NCT04273529 | China |
| Remdesivir (i.v.) | Randomized open label study | 400 participants | Group A: Remdesivir 200 mg i.v. on Day 1 followed by RDV 100 mg on Days 2, 3, 4, and 5 + standard of care. Group B: Remdesivir 200 mg i.v. on Day 1 followed by RDV 100 mg on Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. + standard of care. Group control: Standard of care. | Proportion of participants with normalization of fever and oxygen saturation through Day 14 | NCT04292899 | United States |
| Vitamin C (i.v.) | Prospective randomized clinical trial | 140 participants | Group A: 12 g vitamin C will be infused in the experimental group twice a day for 7 days by the infusion pump with a speed of 12 ml/hr. group control: Placebo infusion | Ventilation‐free days | NCT04264533 | China |
| Siltuximab (i.v.), | Randomized, open‐label study | 100 participants | Group A: A single‐dose of 11 mg/kg of siltuximab will be administered by intravenous infusion. Group control: A dose of 250 mg/24 hr of methylprednisolone during 3 days followed by 30 mg/24 hr during 3 days will be administered by intravenous infusion. | Proportion of patients requiring ICU admission at any time within the study period | NCT04329650 | Spain |
| Hyperimmune plasma | Single group assignment | 49 participants | Administration of hyperimmune plasma on critical patients at Day 1 and based on clinical response on Days 3 and 5 | Death from any cause | NCT04321421 | Italy |
| Vitamin C (i.v.) | Single group assignment | 500 participants | 10 g of vitamin C intravenously in addition to conventional therapy. | In‐hospital mortality | NCT04323514 | Italy |
| DAS181 (nebulized) | Single group assignment | 4 participants | Patient receives nebulized DAS181 (4.5 mg BID/day, a total 9 mg/day) for 10 days. | Improved clinical status | NCT04324489 | China |
| Recombinant human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (rhACE2) (i.v.) | Open label, randomized, controlled, pilot clinical study | 24 participants | Group A: 0.4 mg/kg rhACE2 IV BID for 7 days. Group control: Standard care. | Time course of body temperature (fever) [ | NCT04287686 | China |
| Traditional Chinese medicine prescription | Retrospective cohort study | 50 participants | Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have been recommended according to the guidelines for the treatment of COVID‐19 issued by National Health Commission of the PRC. | Length of hospital stay (days) | NCT04323332 | China |
| Ciclesonide (inhaled) | Open‐labeled, multicenter, randomized clinical trial | 141 participants | Group A: Ciclesonide 320ug oral inhalation q12h for 14 days. Group B (active comparator): Ciclesonide 320ug oral inhalation q12h for 14 days + Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg QD for 10 days. Group control: No ciclesonide and hydroxychloroquine | Rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 eradication at Day 14 from study enrollment | NCT04330586 | Korea |
| Sarilumab (i.v.) | Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial | 400 participants | Group A: High dose of single intravenous (IV) dose of sarilumab. Group B: Low dose of single intravenous (IV) dose of sarilumab. Group control: Single intravenous (IV) dose of placebo. | Percent change in C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels | NCT04315298 | United States |
|
Anakinra (s.i.), Siltuximab (i.v.) Tocilizumab (i.v.) |
Prospective, randomized, factorial design, interventional trial | 342 participants | Group A: Anakinra as a daily subcutaneous injection of 100 mg for 28 days or until hospital discharge. Group B: Siltuximab as single IV infusion at a dose of 11 mg/kg. Group C: Anakinra as a daily subcutaneous injection of 100 mg for 28 days or until hospital discharge + Siltuximab as single IV infusion at a dose of 11 mg/kg. Group D: Tocilizumab as single IV infusion at a dose of 8 mg/kg with a maximum infusion of 800 mg/injection. Group E: Anakinra as a daily subcutaneous injection of 100 mg for 28 days or until hospital discharge + Tocilizumab as single IV infusion at a dose of 8 mg/kg with a maximum infusion of 800 mg/injection. Group control: Usual care. | Time to clinical improvement | NCT04330638 | Belgium |
| Peginterferon lambda‐1a (s.i.) | Open‐label randomized controlled trial | 120 participants | Group A: Peginterferon lambda‐1a (180 μg subcutaneous injection) single dose + standard of care treatment for COVID‐19 infection. Group control: Standard of care treatment for COVID‐19 infection | Duration of viral shedding of SARS‐CoV‐2 by qRT‐PCR | NCT04331899 | United States |
| Sildenafil (os) | Open label pilot study | 10 participants |
Sildenafil citrate tablets 0.1 g/day for 14 days |
Rate of disease remission | NCT04304313 | China |
| Mavrilimumab (i.v.) | Open label clinical trial | 10 participants | Single IV dose of mavrilimumab | Time to resolution of fever | NCT04337216 | United States |
|
Levamisole (os) budesonide/Formoterol inhaler Lopinavir/ritonavir hydoxychloroquine |
Double blind, parallel, randomized clinical trial | 30 participants | Group A: Levamisole 50 mg tablet has to be taken 1–2 tablets every 8 hr budesonide + Formoterol has to be inhaled 1–2 puff every 12 hr + Hydroxy Chloroquine 200 mg single dose Lopinavir/ritonavir 2 tablets every 12 hr. Group control: Hydroxy Chloroquine 200 mg single dose Lopinavir/ritonavir 2 tablets every 12 hr | Clear chest CT‐scan | NCT04331470 | Iran |
| Defibrotide (i.v.) | Prospective, interventional, single‐arm, multicentric, open label trial | 50 participants | Defibrotide 25 mg/kg body weight total dose in 2 hr duration infusion each, every 6 hr (Defibrotide 6.25 mg/kg body weight each dose) treatment duration = 7 days | Reduction of the progression of acute respiratory failure | NCT04335201 | Italy |
| Ruxolitinib | Single group assignment | 20 participants | Ruxolitinib 10 mg twice a day | Recovery of pneumonia | NCT04334044 | Mexico |
| Huaier granule (os) | Open label clinical trial | 550 participants | Standard treatment + Huaier granule 20 g po tid for 2 weeks | Mortality rate | NCT04291053 | China |
| IFX‐1 (i.v.) | Pragmatic adaptive open label, randomized phase II/III Multicenter study | 130 participants | Group A: Best supportive care + IFX‐1. Group control: Best supportive care | Change in PaO2/FiO2 | NCT04333420 | The Netherlands |
| Piclidenoson (os) | Randomized open label pilot trial | 40 participants | Piclidenoson 2 mg orally every 12 hr for up to 21 days | Duration of viral shedding in days | NCT04333472 | Israel |
| YinHu QingWen decoction (os) | Adaptive, randomized, single‐blind, three‐arm parallel controlled clinical trial | 300 participants | Group A: YinHu QingWen decoction (Granula) dissolved into 600 ml decoction and divided to 3 times (once with 200 ml). It will be given a 200 ml per time, three times a day, for 10 days + standard western medicine treatment. Group B: 10% dose of YinHu QingWen decoction (Granula) dissolved into 600 ml decoction and divided to 3 times (once with 200 ml). It will be given a 200 ml per time, three times a day, for 10 days + standard western medicine treatment. Group control: Chinese medicine treatment + standard western medicine treatment. | Mean clinical recovery time (hr) | NCT04278963 | China |
| Tranexamic acid (os or i.v.) | Randomized, placebo‐controlled, double blind comparison | 60 participants | Group A: Oral dosing of tranexamic acid at dose of 1,300 mg p.o. three times per day × 5 days; alternative dosing intravenously with loading dose of 10 mg/kg followed by 1 mg/kg/hr infusion × 5 days. Group control: 2 tablets of placebo three times per day × 5 days; alternative dosing intravenous normal saline at volumes similar to those use for experimental arm | Admission to intensive care unit 7 days after randomization | NCT04338126 | United States |
| Sargramostim (inhalation or i.v.) | Prospective, randomized, open‐label, interventional trial | 80 participants | Group A: Sargramostim inhalation via mesh nebulizer and/or IV administration upon clinical deterioration. Group control: Standard of care | Improvement in oxygenation at a dose of 250 mcg daily during 5 days improves oxygenation in COVID‐19 patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure | NCT04326920 | Belgium |
| Valsartan (os) | Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial | 651 participants | Group A: Valsartan at a dosage and frequency titrated to blood pressure with 80 mg or 160 mg tablets up to a maximum dose of 160 mg b.i.d. group control: Matching 80 mg or 160 mg placebo tablets at a dosage and frequency titrated to systolic blood pressure | First occurrence of intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, or death within 14 days. | NCT04335786 | The Netherlands |
| BLD‐2660 (os) | Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial | 120 participants | Group A: BLD‐2660. Control group: Placebo. | Antiviral activity | NCT04334460 | |
| Nintedanib (os) | Single‐center, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial | 96 participants | Group A: Nintedanib cloth sulfonate 150 mg, twice a day, about 12 hr apart. Continuous medication for 8 weeks. Group control: One capsule at a time, twice a day, with an interval of about 12 hr each time. Continuous medication for 8 weeks. | Changes in forced vital capacity (FVC) | NCT04338802 | China |
| Emapalumab (i.v.) | Randomized, open‐label, parallel group, 3‐arm, Multicenter trial | 54 participants | Group A: Emapalumab i.v infusion every 3rd day for a total 5 infusions. Day 1:6 mg/kg. Days 4, 7, 10, and 13:3 mg/kg. Group active comparator: Anakinra i.v infusion four times daily for 15 days. 400 mg/day in total, divided into 4 doses given every 6 hr. Group control: Standard of care. | Treatment success | NCT04324021 | Italy |
|
PD‐1 blocking antibody (i.v.) Thymosin (s.c.) |
Open label clinical trial | 120 participants | Group A: PD‐1 blocking antibody 200 mg iv, one time + standard treatment. Group B: Thymosin 1.6 mg sc qd, last for 5 days + standard treatment. Group C: Standard treatment. | Lung injury score | NCT04268537 | China |
| Tofacitinib (os) | Prospective cohort study | 50 participants | Tofacitinib 10 mg twice a day will be administered within 24 hr from hospital admission for 14 days | Need of mechanical ventilation | NCT04332042 | Italy |
| Fuzheng Huayu (os) | Randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial | 136 participants | Group A: 1 N‐acetylcysteine capsule and 4 Fuzheng Huayu tablets three times a day for 24 weeks. Group control: 1 N‐acetylcysteine capsule and 4 placebo tablets three times a day for 24 weeks. | High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) score; lung function including FVC, FVC as a percentage of projected value and Dlco | NCT04279197 | China |
|
Lopinavir/ritonavir (os) Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (os) Baricitinib (os) Sarilumab (s.c.) |
Open label clinical trial | 1,000 participants | Group A: Lopinavir/ritonavir tablet 200 mg/50 mg 2 tables by mouth, every 12 hr for 10 days. Group B: Hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablet 200 mg 2 tablets by mouth, every 12 hr for 10 days. Group C: Baricitinib 2 mg po daily for 10 days. Group D: Sarilumab 200 mg subcutaneous injection once. | Clinical status of subject at Day 15 | NCT04321993 | Canada |
| Angiotensin‐(1,7) (i.v.) | Randomized, controlled, investigator initiated, adaptive, single blinded, interventional trial | 60 participants | Group A: Angiotensin 1–7 endogenous peptide dilution: Angiotensin‐(1–7) 0.5 mg/L NaCl 0.9%. Group control: Infusion of NaCl 0.9% without diluted peptide in it. | Ventilator free days | NCT04332666 | Belgium |
| Anluohuaxian (os) | Multicenter, open, randomized controlled trial | 750 participants | Group A: Anluohuaxian 6 g each time, twice a day. Group control: Regular treatment | Changes in high‐resolution computer tomography of the lung | NCT04334265 | China |
| Camostat Mesilate (os) | Quadruple blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase IIa trial | 180 participants | Group A: Camostat Mesilate 2 × 100 mg pills 3 times daily for 5 days. Group control: Placebo 2 pills 3 times daily for 5 days. | Days to clinical improvement from study enrolment | NCT04321096 | Denmark |
|
Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil (os) Hydroxychloroquine (os) |
Double blind randomized clinical trial controlled with placebo | 4,000 participants | Group A: Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil, 200 mg/245 mg tablets. A dose of one tablet once a day will be administered + placebo of Hydroxychloroquine. Group B: Hydroxychloroquine, 200 mg tablets. A dose of one tablet once a day will be administered + placebo of Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil. Group C: Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 245 mg/Emtricitabine 200 mg + Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg. Group D: Placebo of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 245 mg/Emtricitabine 200 mg + placebo of Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg | Number of confirmed symptomatic infections of SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) | NCT04334928 | Spain |
| Escin (os, i.v.) | Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial | 120 participants | Group A: Standard therapy + Escin tablet 40 mg*3, os for 12 days. Group B: Standard treatment + sodium Escinate 20 mg iv/day for 12 days. Group control: Standard therapy | Mortality rate | NCT04322344 | Italy |
| Nitric oxide releasing solution (NORS) | Multicenter, randomized, single blind, controlled, clinical trial | 200 participants | Group A: Prevention: Standard precautions + NORS treatment will consist of daily self‐administration of three routes; nitric oxide gargle (NOG) every morning, nitric oxide Nasophyaryngeal irrigation (NONI) every evening, and nitric oxide nasal spray (NONS) up to 5 times per day. Group B: Treatment NORS treatment will consist of daily self‐administration of three routes; nitric oxide gargle (NOG) every morning, nitric oxide Nasophyaryngeal irrigation (NONI) every evening, and nitric oxide nasal spray (NONS) up to 5 times per day. + standard treatment. Group control: Standard treatment | Prevention primary endpoint and treatment sub study primary endpoint | NCT04337918 | United States |
| Sirolimus (os) | Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial | 30 participants | Group A: Sirolimus 6 mg daily on Day 1 followed by 2 mg daily for the next 13 days for a total treatment duration of 14 days or hospital discharge, whatever happens sooner. Group control: Placebo. | Progression to advanced respiratory support | NCT04341675 | United States |
| Atovaquone/azithromycin (os) | Open‐label, nonrandomized, single group trial | 25 participants | Atovaquone 750 mg PO Q12H for up to 10 days azithromycin 500 mg PO daily 1 followed by 250 mg PO daily for up to 10 days (Days 2–10) | Virology cure rate | NCT04339426 | United States |
| TJ003234 (i.v.) | Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study | 144 participants | GROUP A: TJ003234 3 mg/kg i.v. single infusion. Group B: TJ003234 6 mg/kg i.v. single infusion. Group control: Placebo i.v. single infusion. | Proportion (%) of subjects experiencing deterioration in clinical status | NCT04341116 | United States |
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Nitazoxanide (os) Hydroxychloroquine (os) |
Open‐label randomized controlled trial | 86 participants | Group A: Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily every 12 hr for 10 days plus Nitazoxanide 500 mg twice daily every 12 hr for 10 days. Group B: Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily every 12 hr for 10 days | Mechanical ventilation requirement | NCT04341493 | Mexico |
| Meplazumab (i.v.) | Open label clinical trial | 20 participants | 10 mg Meplazumab by intravenous infusion, every day for 2 days | 2019 nCoV nucleic acid detection | NCT04275245 | China |