Table 2.

Antimicrobial packaging with fruit and vegetable by-products.

By-Products	Active Packaging	Target Microorganisms	References
Apple skin	Chitosan edible film	E. coli, S. enterica and L. monocytogenes	[80]
Apple skin (powder, extract)	Composite films ASP/CMC	L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, S. enterica and S. flexner	[81]
Apricot kernel extract	Chitosan film	E. coli and Bacillus subtilis	[82]
Blueberry leaf extract	Chitosan coating	S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium, E. coli and fungi	[83]
Grape seed extract	Chitosan film	E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa	[84]
	Chitosan film and carvacrol	Mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria and Pseudomonas spp	[85]
Grapefruit seed extract	Coated wrapping paper	L. monocytogenes and E. coli	[86]
	Biopolymer carrageenan	Gram-positive and Gram-negative food-borne pathogens	[87,88]
	Layer-by-layer coating with alginate, chitosan	Mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria	[89]
	Chitosan films	Fungi	[90]
	LDPE and PLA	E. coli and L. monocytogenes	[91]
Olive oil leaves and olive pomace	Chitosan film	R. stolonifer, P. expansum	[62,92]
Pomegranate peel extract	Casein-based film	S. aureus, E. coli	[93]
	Chitosan coating	Total aerobic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., P. digitatum	[94,95,96]
	Zein-based film	E. coli, P. perfringens, M. luteus, E. faecalis, S. aureus, P. vulgaris and S. typhii	[97]
Pomegranate peel powder	Fish Gelatin film	S. aureus, L. monocytogenes and E. coli	[67]
	Starch-based film	S. aureus, Salmonella	[98]