Table 5.
Summary of nonpharmacological interventions used in the clinical trials as treatment against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 infection
| Cell and plasma‐based therapy |
| Convalescent plasma therapy |
| Cell‐based therapy |
| Cord blood mesenchymal stem cells |
| Human menstrual blood‐derived stem cells mesenchymal stem cells |
| Mesenchymal stem cells exosomes atomization |
| Human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells |
| Human stromal cells |
| Umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells |
| Umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells |
| Machine‐based interventions |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
| CytoSorb absorber |
| External diaphragmatic pacing |
| Hyperbaric oxygen therapy |
| Bidirectional oxygen valve |
| oXiris membrane |
| Plasmapheresis |
| V/Q vest |
| Dialysis |
| Anesthesia‐based interventions |
| Nitric oxide |
| Prone positioning |
| Noninvasive oscillating device (NIOD) |
| Sedation with sevoflurane vs propofol |
| Double‐trunk mask on oxygenation titration |
| Early CPAP |
| Intubation barrier box |
| Miscellaneous |
| Chinese herbal medicines |
| Mental health and mindfulness interventions |
| Telerehabilitation |
| Acupressure therapy |
| Respiratory muscle training |
| Auricular nerve stimulation |
| Expressive writing |
| Hydrogen inhalation |
| Ozone autohemotherapy |
| Prayer |
| shadowboxing for pulmonary function |
| Sleep psychology and music therapy |
| Neck inspiratory muscle exercise |
| Radiation therapy |
| Zang‐Fu Point‐pressing' massage |
| Virtual monitoring |