Table 1.

Clinical assessment data. Data showing a normal distribution is given as mean (SD). Skewed distributions are reported and the median (25–75 th percentile).

	Mean or Median	SD or 25–75 th Percentiles	Extreme Values
Blood analyses
Plasma albumin (g/L)	26	4	≤25 (n = 18)
Plasma sodium (mmol/L)	136.5	3.8	≤130 (n = 4)
Plasma potassium (mmol/L)	3.9	0.5	2.8 and 5.3
Plasma creatinine (µmol/L)	68	25	>100 (n = 6)
Plasma C-reactive protein (µg/L)	61	21–92	>100 (n = 9)
Plasma urea (mmol/L)	6	5–11	>10 (n = 10)
Serum osmolality (mosmol/kg)	291	286–298	299 (n = 7) and 265 (n = 1)
Fractional sodium excretion (%)	0.47	0.28–0.72	<0.3 (n = 10)
Urine analyses
Urine osmolality (mosmol/kg)	548	149	132 to 916
Urine creatinine (mmol/L)	7.8	4.2	>10 (n = 8)
Urine potassium (mmol/L)	41	15	12 to 74
Urine-specific gravity (no unit)	1.020	1.015–1.020	≥1.025 (n = 8)
Urine sodium (mmol/L)	69	53–100	<30 (n = 5)
Urine albumin (mg/L)	14	4–52	>100 (n = 6)
Urine albumin/creatinine (mg/mmol)	3.4	1.2–9.6	>10 (n = 7)
Urine color *	5	3–6	Darkest color 7 (n = 6)
Clinical indices
Age (years)	82	9	65 to 97
Body weight (kg)	67	14	44 to 98
Breathing frequency (breaths/min)	16	3	≥20 (n = 6)
Thirst severity (VAS scale 0–100)	41	26	<10 (n = 5) and > 80 (n = 3)
Daily medications (N)	10	7–12	3 to 18
Tongue furrows (graded 1/2)	1.5	-	Present = 1, Absent = 2
Poor skin turgor (graded 1/2)	1.8	-	Present = 1, Absent = 2
Hemodynamics
Heart rate (bpm)	83	13	≥100 (n = 6)
Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg)	123	18	≤100 (n = 5)
Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg)	65	11	≤50 (n = 11)
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	84	12	<70 (n = 5)

* Using the scale published by Armstrong et al. [7].