FIG. 1.

Routes of administration for retinal gene delivery (A) subretinal, (B) intravitreal, and (C) suprachoroidal through a microneedle. Subretinal injection, performed in the operating room, delivers vectors focally to the subretinal space, a virtual space between the retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptors. Intravitreal injection, performed in an office setting, delivers vectors to the vitreous humor. Suprachoroidal injection by a microneedle, nonsurgical in-office procedure, delivers vectors to the suprachoroidal space (SCS), a virtual space between choroid and sclera. Once administered in the SCS, the injectate spreads posteriorly and circumferentially.