Table 1.
Crystal Type Toxin | Target Insect | Activity (a) | LC50 (b) | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scientific Name | Family | ||||
Cry1Aa | Anoplophora glabripennis | Cerambycidae | N | [86] | |
Apriona germari | Cerambycidae | N | [87] | ||
Epilachna varivestis | Coccinellidae | A | [88] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | LA | [89] | ||
Cry1Ab | Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | N | [90] | |
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | N | [90] | ||
Phyllotreta armoraciae | Chrysomelidae | N | [90] | ||
Adalia bipunctata | Coccinellidae | N | [91] | ||
Atheta coriaria | Coccinellidae | N | [91] | ||
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | Coccinellidae | N | [91] | ||
Harmonia axyridis | Coccinellidae | N | [92] | ||
Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | N | [90] | ||
Hypera postica | Curculionidae | N | [90] | ||
Popillia japonica | Scarabaeidae | N | [90] | ||
Cry1A c | Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | N | [90] | |
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | N | [90] | ||
Phyllotreta armoraciae | Chrysomelidae | N | [90] | ||
Hippodamia convergens | Coccinellidae | N | [93] | ||
Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | N | [90] | ||
Hypera postica | Curculionidae | N | [90,94] | ||
Haptoncus luteolus | Nitidulidae | N | [95] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [96] | ||
Popillia japonica | Scarabaeidae | N | [90] | ||
Cry1Ah | Propylea japónica | Coccinellidae | N | [97] | |
Cry1Aj | Harmonia axyridis | Coccinellidae | N | [92] | |
Cry1Ba | Anoplophora glabripennis | Cerambycidae | N | [86] | |
Acanthoscelides obtectus | Chrysomelidae | A | [75] | ||
Chrysomela scripta F | Chrysomelidae | A | 1.8 // 5.9 | [71,72] | |
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | A | 1050 // 142 | [71,73] | |
Phaedon cochleariae | Chrysomelidae | N | [98] | ||
Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | A | 305.32 | [74] | |
Asymmathetes vulcanorum | Curculionidae | N | [99] | ||
Hypothenemus hampei | Curculionidae | A | [100] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [89] | ||
Cry1Ca | Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [89] | |
Cry1Da | Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [89] | |
Cry1Ea | Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [89] | |
Cry1Fa | Cryptolestes pusillus | Laemophloeidae | N | [17] | |
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [17] | ||
Cry1Fb | Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [89] | |
Cry1Ia | Acanthoscelides obtectus | Chrysomelidae | A | [75] | |
Agelastica coerulea | Chrysomelidae | N | [101,102] | ||
Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | N | [103] | ||
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | A | 33.7 // 10 | [73,104] | |
Phaedom brassicae | Chrysomelidae | N | [101] | ||
Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | A | 21.5 // 230 | [76,105] | |
Asymmathetes vulcanorum | Curculionidae | N | [99] | ||
Tenebrio molitor | Tenebrionidae | N | [106] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [89] | ||
Cry1Ib | Phaedom brassicae | Chrysomelidae | N | [101] | |
Agelastica coerulea | Chrysomelidae | N | [101] | ||
Cry1Id | Agelastica coerulea | Chrysomelidae | N | [102] | |
Cry1Ie | Ceratoma trifurcata | Chrysomelidae | N | [107] | |
Pyrrhalta aenescens | Chrysomelidae | N | [108] | ||
Cry1Jb | Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | N | [109] | |
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | N | [109] | ||
Cry2Aa | Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | N | [93] | |
Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | N | [93] | ||
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | N | [93] | ||
Hippodamia convergens | Coccinellidae | N | [93] | ||
Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | N | [93] | ||
Cry2Ab | Propylea japonica | Coccinellidae | N | [97] | |
Haptoncus luteolus | Nitidulidae | N | [95] | ||
Cry3Aa | Rhyzophertha dominica | Bostrichidae | A | 1.17 μg/mg | [110] |
Cylas brunneus | Brentidae | A | 1.88 μg/g | [56] | |
Cylas puncticollis | Brentidae | A | 1.99 μg/g | [56] | |
Apriona germari | Cerambycidae | A | [94,111] | ||
Acanthoscelides obtectus | Chrysomelidae | A | [75] | ||
Agelastica alni | Chrysomelidae | A | [112] | ||
Brontispa longissimi | Chrysomelidae | A | 0.475 mg/mL | [113] | |
Chrysomela tremulae | Chrysomelidae | A | [114] | ||
Chrysomela scripta F | Chrysomelidae | A | [115] | ||
Chrysomela scripta F | Chrysomelidae | A | 2.22 // 1.8 | [71,72] | |
Colaphellus bowringi | Chrysomelidae | A | 2.68 // 1.33 | [116,117] | |
Crioceris quaturdicerumpunctata | Chrysomelidae | A | 3.82 | [117] | |
Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | N | [90,118] | ||
Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | N | [118,119] | ||
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | A | 1.84 // 3.56 | [73,118] | |
Phaedom brassicae | Chrysomelidae | A | 1.11 | [117] | |
Phaedon cochleariae | Chrysomelidae | A | [120] | ||
Phyllotreta armoraciae | Chrysomelidae | N | [90] | ||
Plagiodera versicolora | Chrysomelidae | A | 1.13 // 3.09 | [18] | |
Pyrrhalta aenescens | Chrysomelidae | A | 0.22 mg/ml | [121] | |
Pyrrhalta luteola | Chrysomelidae | A | 0.12 μg/cm2 | [49] | |
Adalia bipunctata | Coccinellidae | N | [91] | ||
Atheta coriaria | Coccinellidae | N | [91] | ||
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | Coccinellidae | N | [91] | ||
Epilachna varivestis | Coccinellidae | A | [88] | ||
Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | N | [90] | ||
Asymmathetes vulcanorum | Curculionidae | N | [99] | ||
Hypera postica | Curculionidae | N | [90] | ||
Hypothenemus hampei | Curculionidae | A | [100] | ||
Myllocerus undecimpustulatus | Curculionidae | A | 152 ng/cm2 | [122] | |
Premnotrypes vorax | Curculionidae | LA | [123] | ||
Sitophilus oryzae | Curculionidae | A | [124] | ||
Amphimallon solstitiale | Scarabaeidae | A | [112] | ||
Anomala corpulenta | Scarabaeidae | N | [116] | ||
Melontha melontha | Scarabaeidae | A | [112] | ||
Popillia japonica | Scarabaeidae | N | [90] | ||
Alphitobius diaperinus | Tenebrionidae | A | 9.58 // 8 μg/cm2 | [62,125] | |
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [96,110] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | A | 0.46 g/10 g | [89] | |
Tenebrio molitor | Tenebrionidae | A | 11.4 μg/larve | [126] | |
Tenebrio molitor | Tenebrionidae | A | [110,127] | ||
Cry3Ba | Cylas brunneus | Brentidae | A | 1.304 μg/g | [56] |
Cylas puncticollis | Brentidae | A | 1.273 μg/g | [56] | |
Chrysomela scripta F | Chrysomelidae | A | [115] | ||
Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | A | 107 ng/mm2 | [128] | |
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | A | 1.35 ng/mm2 | [128] | |
Epilachna varivestis | Coccinellidae | N | [88] | ||
Popillia japonica | Scarabaeidae | A | 1 | [37] | |
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | A | 1.60 g/10 g | [89] | |
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | A | 13.55 mg/mL | [37,96] | |
Cry3Bb | Cylas brunneus | Brentidae | A | 1.83 μg/g | [56] |
Cylas puncticollis | Brentidae | A | 1.82 μg/g | [56] | |
Anoplophora glabripennis | Cerambycidae | N | [86] | ||
Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | A | 9.49 // 1.18 | [118,129] | |
Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | A | 2.10 // 5.18 | [118,129] | |
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | A | 6.86 // 6.54 | [118,129] | |
Alphitobius diaperinus | Tenebrionidae | A | 26.52 // 50 μg/cm2 | [62,125] | |
Cry3Ca | Cylas brunneus | Brentidae | A | 0.69 μg/g | [56] |
Cylas puncticollis | Brentidae | A | 0.57 μg/g | [56] | |
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | A | 0.7 // 320.13 | [130,131] | |
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [96] | ||
Cry6Aa | Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | A | 77 µg/cm2 | [66,119] |
Hypera brunneipennis | Curculionidae | A | [66] | ||
Hypera postica | Curculionidae | A | [66] | ||
Cry6Ba | Hypera postica | Curculionidae | A | 280 ng/μl | [94] |
Cry7Aa | Cylas brunneus | Brentidae | A | 0.44 μg/g | [56] |
Cylas puncticollis | Brentidae | A | 0.34 μg/g | [56] | |
Anoplophora glabripennis | Cerambycidae | N | [86] | ||
Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | N | [52] | ||
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | A | 13.1 // 18.8 | [52,57] | |
Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | N | [52] | ||
Cry7Ab | Acanthoscelides obtectus | Chrysomelidae | A | [75] | |
Ceratoma trifurcata | Chrysomelidae | N | [107] | ||
Colaphellus bowringi | Chrysomelidae | A | 293.79 | [132] | |
Pyrrhalta aenescens | Chrysomelidae | N | [58] | ||
Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata | Coccinellidae | A | 209 | [58,133] | |
Anomala corpulenta | Scarabaeidae | N | [58] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | LA | [89] | ||
Cry8Aa | Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | A | [134] | |
Cotinis spp | Scarabaeidae | A | [135] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | LA | [89] | ||
Cry8Ab | Holotrichia oblita | Scarabaeidae | A | 5.72 μg/g | [136] |
Holotrichia parallela | Scarabaeidae | A | 2.00 μg/g | [136] | |
Tenebrio molitor | Tenebrionidae | N | [136] | ||
Cry8Ba | Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | A | [119] | |
Cotinis spp | Scarabaeidae | A | [137] | ||
Cyclocephala borealis | Scarabaeidae | A | [135] | ||
Cyclocephala pasadenae | Scarabaeidae | A | [135] | ||
Popillia japonica | Scarabaeidae | A | [135] | ||
Cry8Bb | Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | A | [138] | |
Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | A | [138] | ||
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | A | [138] | ||
Cry8Ca | Anoplophora glabripennis | Cerambycidae | N | [86] | |
Colaphellus bowringi | Chrysomelidae | N | [116] | ||
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | N | [116] | ||
Epilachna varivestis | Coccinellidae | A | [88] | ||
Anomala corpulenta | Scarabaeidae | A | 1.75 × 10 × 108 CFU/g | [116] | |
Anomala corpulenta | Scarabaeidae | A | 1.6 × 10 × 108 CFU/g | [139,140] | |
Anomala cuprea | Scarabaeidae | A | [141] | ||
Anomala exoleta | Scarabaeidae | A | [142] | ||
Holotrichia parallela | Scarabaeidae | A | 9.24 × 10 × 108 CFU/g | [140] | |
Popillia japonica | Scarabaeidae | A | 12.3 μg/g | [35] | |
Alphitobius diaperinus | Tenebrionidae | A | 7.71 // 10 μg/cm2 | [62,125] | |
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [89] | ||
Cry8Da | Anomala cuprea | Scarabaeidae | A | [143] | |
Anomala orientalis | Scarabaeidae | A | [143] | ||
Popillia japonica | Scarabaeidae | A | 17.0 μg/g | [35,143] | |
Cry8Db | Popillia japonica | Scarabaeidae | A | 19.6 μg/g | [35] |
Cry8Ea | Plagiodera versicolora | Chrysomelidae | A | [144] | |
Anomala corpulenta | Scarabaeidae | A | [140] | ||
Holotrichia parallela | Scarabaeidae | A | 0.9 × 10 × 108 CFU/mL | [59,64,144] | |
Popillia japonica | Scarabaeidae | A | [144] | ||
Tenebrio molitor | Tenebrionidae | N | [64] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [64,89] | ||
Cry8Fa | Anomala corpulenta | Scarabaeidae | N | [59] | |
Holotrichia oblita | Scarabaeidae | N | [59] | ||
Holotrichia parallela | Scarabaeidae | N | [59] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [89] | ||
Cry8Ga | Holotrichia oblita | Scarabaeidae | N | [60] | |
Holotrichia parallela | Scarabaeidae | N | [60] | ||
Cry8Ka | Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | A | 2.83–8.93 | [63] |
Cry8Na | Anomala corpulenta | Scarabaeidae | N | [65] | |
Holotrichia oblita | Scarabaeidae | N | [65] | ||
Holotrichia parallela | Scarabaeidae | A | 3.18 × 10 × 1010 CFU/g | [65] | |
Cry8Sa | Holotrichia serrata (F.) | Scarabaeidae | A | [145] | |
Cry9Bb | Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | N | [146] | |
Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | N | [146] | ||
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | N | [146] | ||
Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | N | [146] | ||
Cry9Da | Anomala cuprea | Scarabaeidae | A | [77] | |
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [89] | ||
Cry10Aa | Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | A | 7.12 | [78] |
Cry14Aa | Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | LA | [89] | |
Cry15Aa | Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | N | [147] | |
Cry18Aa1 | Melontha melontha | Scarabaeidae | A | [148] | |
Cry22Aa | Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | A | 0.75 μg/well | [68] |
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | A | 1.25 g/10 g | [89] | |
Cry22Ab | Cylas brunneus | Brentidae | A | 1.01 μg/g | [56] |
Cylas puncticollis | Brentidae | A | 0.78 μg/g | [56] | |
Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | A | 39.4 μg/cm2 | [69] | |
Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | N | [69] | ||
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | N | [69] | ||
Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | A | 3.12 μg/well | [68] | |
Cry22Ba | Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | N | [68] | |
Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | A | [68] | ||
Cry23Aa/37Aa | Cylas brunneus | Brentidae | A | 0.46 μg/g | [56] |
Cylas puncticollis | Brentidae | A | 0.42 μg/g | [56] | |
Acanthoscelides obtectus | Chrysomelidae | A | [75] | ||
Anthonomus grandis | Curculionidae | A | [149] | ||
Popillia japonica | Scarabaeidae | A | [37] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | A | 6.30 μg SC/μL | [37,61] | |
Cry34Aa | Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | N | [40] | |
Cry34Ab | Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | LA | [150] | |
Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | N | [40,82] | ||
Cry34Ac | Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | N | [40] | |
Cry34Aa/35Aa | Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | A | 34.1 μg/well | [151] |
Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | A | 34 μg/cm2 | [81,151] | |
Cry34Ab/35Ab | Rhyzophertha dominica | Bostrichidae | N | [17] | |
Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | A | [150] | ||
Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | A | 3 μg/cm2 | [40,81] | |
Oryzaephilus surinamensis | Cucujidae | LA | [17] | ||
Sitophilus oryzae | Curculionidae | LA | [17] | ||
Trogoderma variabile | Dermestidae | N | [17] | ||
Tenebrio molitor | Tenebrionidae | LA | [17] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | LA | [17] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [96] | ||
Cry34Ac/35Ac | Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | A | 7 μg/cm2 | [40,81] |
Cry34Ba/35Ba | Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | A | [39] | |
Cry35Aa | Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | N | [40] | |
Cry35Ab | Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | N | [40,82] | |
Cry35Ac | Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | N | [40] | |
Cry36A | Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | A | 147.3 μg/well | [151] |
Cry37Aa | Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | A | 1.25 g/10 g | [89] |
Cry38Aa | Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | N | [39] | |
Cry43Aa | Anomala cuprea | Scarabaeidae | A | [152] | |
Cry43Ba | Anomala cuprea | Scarabaeidae | N | [152] | |
Cry51Aa | Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | N | [79] | |
Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | N | [79] | ||
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | A | [79] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | A | 1.45 g/10 g | [89] | |
Cry55Aa | Phyllotreta cruciferae | Chrysomelidae | A | [80] | |
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | N | [89] | ||
Cyt1Aa | Chrysomela scripta F | Chrysomelidae | A | 132.6 | [72] |
Cyt2Ca | Diabrotica undecimpuntata | Chrysomelidae | A | 25 μg/well | [83] |
Diabrotica virgifera | Chrysomelidae | A | 10.8 μg/well | [83] | |
Leptinotarsa decemlineata | Chrysomelidae | A | [83] | ||
Diapepes abbreviatus | Curculionidae | A | 50.7 | [84,85] | |
Popillia japonica | Scarabaeidae | A | [83] | ||
Tribolium castaneum | Tenebrionidae | A | [83] |
(a) The parameter is mortality. A = active; N = not active; LA = low activity, with significant inhibition of growth; (b) LC50 = lethal concentration that causes 50% mortality of the insects. Data are expressed in μg/mL, unless otherwise stated. “//” separate two different values of the LC50.