TABLE 1.

Effects of nutrients on bacterial persistence

Nutrient variable(s)	Organism	Effect on persistencea	Commentb	Source of nutrients	Laboratory or field study	Reference(s)
Organic carbon	E. coli	+	Enhanced survival attributed to organic carbon and influence of sediment properties.	Fecal source, organic sediments	Laboratory	81, 88
	E. coli	+	Artificial nutrients containing organic carbon stimulated greater E. coli growth at higher nutrient concns.	Artificial nutrients	Laboratory	90
	E. coli	+	Vegetation extract type and extract concn less influential on FIB concn than the interaction between concn and extract type.	Vegetation extracts (turf grass and leaf litter)	Laboratory	82
Organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus	E. coli	+	Addition of nutrients stimulated indicator growth in water and sediment. Effect of nutrient addition on FIB growth was minimal at lower nutrient levels than at higher nutrient levels.	Fecal source	Laboratory	89
	E. coli, enterococci	+	Concn-dependent stimulation of growth.	Runoff, wastewater effluent	Laboratory and field	83
	E. coli	+/0	Artificial nutrients stimulated growth of culturable heterotrophs, but not E. coli.	Artificial nutrients	Laboratory	91
	E. coli, enterococci, GenBac3	+	Conducted in sediments; smaller particle size was also associated with decreased decay rate.	Sediments	Laboratory	94
Nitrogen and phosphorus	E. coli	+	DOC, DON, and PO4-P had a major influence on FIB concns.	Sewage effluent	Field	82
	E. coli, enterococci	+	Greater survival of FIB after addition of inorganic fertilizer.	Inorganic fertilizer	Field and laboratory	84–86
	Fecal coliforms	+/0	P stimulated growth of fecal coliforms; N did not.	Artificial nutrients	Laboratory	92

^a+, greater persistence in the presence of nutrients; 0, no effect of nutrients on persistence.

^bDOC, dissolved organic carbon; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen.