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Examples of drugs formulated for enhanced mucus-penetration as drug-core MPPs. In an ex vivo assay, nanoparticles of various drugs formulated as drug-core MPPs exhibited increased mass transport through human cervicovaginal mucus as opposed to similarly sized CPs. Polystyrene CPs and MPPs (both 200 nm) were used as negative and positive controls with well-established mucoadhesive and mucus-penetrating behavior, respectively. Adapted from Popov et al.59
