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. 2020 Jul 27;93(1):336–350. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26314

Table 3.

Pooled prevalence of gastrointestinal and liver symptoms in patients with COVID‐19, after adjustment for preexisting diseases

Findings All studies (published and preprint) Published studies
N patients N studies Point estimate (%) 95% CI (%) I 2 N patients N studies Point estimate (%) 95% CI (%) I 2
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Diarrhea 5104 23 8.7 5.4‐13.9 94.62 2308 15 9.9 6.5‐14.9 85.90
Anorexia 2515 5 8.0 3.0‐19.8 97.21 1438 3 20.0 9.5‐37.2 95.97
Nausea 2458 7 5.1 2.3‐11.0 88.63 1349 4 8.1 4.0‐15.6 70.30
Vomiting 2513 6 3.7 1.6‐8.3 85.29 1577 5 5.8 3.3‐10.2 71.67
Abdominal pain 1400 3 3.7 2.8‐4.8 <0.01 1400 3 3.7 2.8‐4.8 <0.01
Abdominal distension 1020 2 0.7 0.0‐18.9 89.22 84 1 3.6 1.2‐10.5 0.00
Liver function abnormalities
Decreased albumin 136 2 49.3 34.4‐64.4 48.41 136 2 49.3 34.4‐64.4 48.41
Elevated ALT 426 3 19.4 9.9‐34.3 88.68 364 2 20.8 8.3‐43.4 93.71
Elevated AST 311 3 15.2 9.3‐23.8 59.98 311 3 15.2 9.3‐23.8 59.98

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CI, confidence interval; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease‐2019.