Table I.

Effects of melatonin on RAS components in in vivo experiments.

Investigators	Disease model	Animals	Dosing	Effects
Tain, Y. L. et al. [105]	Programmed hypertension (PH) induced by prenatal dexamethasone (DEX) administration	Female 12‐16 weeks old Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats	0.01% melatonin in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation	Increase in ACE2 and AT2R expression as well as MAS receptor protein levels in the kidney of male offspring
Wu, T. H. et al. [106]	PH induced by neonatal DEX administration	Male neonate offspring of female 12‐16 weeks old SD rats	0.01% melatonin in drinking water during the lactation period	Increase in ACE2 expression in the kidney and heart of male offspring
Tain, Y. L. et al. [107]	PH induced by maternal caloric restriction	Female 12‐16 weeks old SD rats	0.01% melatonin in drinking water during pregnancy	Increase in ACE2 expression and protein levels in the kidney of the male offspring
Tain, Y. L. et al. [108]	PH induced by maternal exposure to continuous light	Female 12‐16 weeks old SD rats	50 mg/day ip agomelatine during pregnancy and lactation 0.01% melatonin in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation	Agomelalatine Decrease in expression of ACE and ACE2 Increase in expression of AT2 receptor and MAS receptor in kidney. Melatonin Decrease in renal ACE expression.
Tain, Y. L. et al. [109]	PH induced by prenatal DEX and postnatal high‐fat diet	Female 12‐16 weeks old SD rats	0.01% melatonin in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation	Increase in renal expression of AT2 receptor and MAS receptor in male offspring