Table 2.

Clinical presentation, imaging and treatment of patients included in the review

Characteristic	Diagnostic criteria, n (%)
Symptoms
*Flank pain (n = 39)	39 (100%)
Haematuria (n = 28)	10 (35.7%)
Fever (n = 20)	8 (40%)
Dysuria (n = 12)	2 (16.7%)
*Nausea/vomiting (n = 39)	12 (38.7%)
Previous medical history
Renal calculi (n = 13)	2 (15.4%)
White cell count
Elevated (n = 21)	11 (52.4%)
Diagnostic imaging findings (n = 39)
Dilated kidney/urinary tract	22 (56.4%)
Urinoma or perinephric/pelvic collection	15 (38.4%)
Presence of calculi	2 (5.1%)
Treatment (n = 39)
Stent	18 (46.1%)
Ureteric catheter	4 (10.3%)
Percutaneous drain	5 (15.4%)
Nephrectomy	1 (2.6%)
Nephrostomy	5 (12.8%)
Conservative	6 (15.4%)

n number of patients where data is available.

*Pain and Nausea and vomiting were interpreted as yes or no

4 patients had laparotomy in addition to above treatment.