Fig. 2.

Perturbations applied to the single-center data to simulate expected multi-center data quality. Top row: left: Inter-rater simulation by deforming the labels from the automated tumor segmentation; middle: Additive Gaussian noise to match SNR range, measured on a healthy white matter segmentation; right: Adjusting the bin width within the range in the PyRadiomics documentation. Bottom row: K-space subsampling (left original, right subsampled, contrast increased for both for visualization); middle: Voxel size changed isotropically; right: Variations in axial slice spacing