Table 5.
Total N | Grade 1 thinness | Grade 2 thinness | Grade 3 thinness | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model Ia | Model IIb | Model IIIc | Model Ia | Model IIb | Model IIIc | Model Ia | Model IIb | Model IIIc | ||
Number of siblings | ||||||||||
None (only child) | 22746 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
One | 3395 | 1.21 (1.06,1.36)* | 1.20 (1.04, 1.39)* | 1.22 (1.05, 1.42)* | 1.26 (1.02, 1.55)* | 1.23 (0.94, 1.60) | 1.27 (0.94, 1.70) | 1.56 (1.15, 2.11)* | 1.06 (1.17, 2.17)* | 1.39 (0.97, 1.99) |
Two or more | 5598 | 1.03 (0.91, 1.17) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.14) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.20) | 1.18 (0.98, 1.43) | 1.19 (1.01, 1.40)* | 1.16 (0.97, 1.40) | 2.25 (1.68, 3.02)* | 2.02 (1.29, 3.15)* | 1.49 (0.99, 2.24) |
Birth order | ||||||||||
Only child | 22746 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
Oldest child | 4610 | 1.14 (1.04, 1.25)* | 1.08 (0.96, 1.23) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.27) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.32) | 1.12 (0.87, 1.45) | 1.12 (0.84, 1.49) | 1.81 (1.22, 2.67)* | 1.58 (1.03, 2.44)* | 1.30 (0.88, 1.93) |
Middle child | 2773 | 0.94 (0.74, 1.19) | 0.87 (0.67, 1.13) | 0.90 (0.69, 1.19) | 1.28 (1.04, 1.58)* | 1.28 (1.01, 1.62)* | 1.26 (1.03, 1.54)* | 2.21 (1.71, 2.86)* | 2.07 (1.39, 3.07)* | 1.49 (0.99, 2.25) |
Youngest child | 1293 | 1.33 (1.10, 1.62)* | 1.37 (1.08, 1.73)* | 1.42 (1.09, 1.84)* | 1.70 (1.24, 2.34)* | 1.52 (0.94, 2.46) | 1.61 (0.97, 2.66) | 2.08 (1.48, 2.92)* | 2.38 (1.63, 3.48)* | 1.87 (1.21, 2.88)* |
Number of younger siblings | ||||||||||
None (only child) | 22,746 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
One (oldest child) | 2077 | 1.14 (0.98, 1.31) | 1.11 (0.94, 1.31) | 1.13 (0.94, 1.35) | 1.07 (0.80, 1.43) | 1.13 (0.82, 1.56) | 1.15 (0.79, 1.66) | 1.24 (0.83, 1.85) | 1.18 (0.78, 1.78) | 1.11 (0.67, 1.84) |
Two or more (oldest child) | 2533 | 1.14 (1.02, 1.29)* | 1.06 (0.91, 1.24) | 1.04 (0.85, 1.27) | 1.06 (0.81, 1.38) | 1.11 (0.83, 1.49) | 1.09 (0.81, 1.46) | 2.27 (1.46, 3.54)* | 1.95 (1.13, 3.36)* | 1.46 (0.88, 2.40) |
Number of older siblings | ||||||||||
None (only child) | 22,746 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
One (youngest child) | 1230 | 1.32 (1.08, 1.61)* | 1.36 (1.07, 1.72)* | 1.38 (1.05, 1.81)* | 1.65 (1.21, 2.25)* | 1.45 (0.89, 2.39) | 1.60 (0.95, 2.67) | 2.07 (1.41, 3.02)* | 2.41 (1.59, 3.63)* | 1.84 (1.15, 2.93)* |
Two or more (youngest child) | 63 | 1.70 (0.94, 3.07) | 1.80 (0.83, 3.90) | 1.97 (0.91, 4.25) | 2.96 (0.99, 8.85) | 3.60 (1.20, 10.78)* | 3.37 (1.12, 10.13)* | 2.50 (0.76, 8.16) | 2.21 (0.46, 10.55) | 1.79 (0.38, 8.52) |
Ref: reference category
a Model I: adjusted for age
b Model II: adjusted for age and childhood characteristics (birthweight, feeding patterns, parental age at child birth, workday TV time, internet use time, snacking frequency)
c Model III: adjusted for age, childhood characteristics and family characteristics (parental weight status, parental educational level, family income and residential site)
*p < 0.05