Effects of Gyps on inflammation- and fibrosis-related signaling pathways in GO OFs. Expression levels of TLR4 (A) and NF-κB (A) in GO (n = 6) OFs were evaluated after treatment with IL-1β (10 ng/mL, 24 hours) in the absence or presence of pretreating with Gyps (100 µg/mL, 24 hours). Expression levels of SMAD2 (B), p-SMAD2 (C), and SMAD4 (D) in GO (n = 6) OFs were evaluated after treatment with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL, 24 hours) in the absence or presence of pretreating with Gyps (100 µg/mL, 24 hours). *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001, 1-way ANOVA.