Table 4.
Multivariable Logistic Regression of Potential Biomarkers in AF in Relation to the Occurrence and Progression of ROP
| Adjusted for Low | Adjusted for All Variables | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational Age at Birth | Showing Significant Association | |||
| (Quartile 4, ≤27.0 weeks)† | in the Univariate Model† | |||
| Predictors* | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
| For ROP‡ | ||||
| AF endoglin level (quartile 4, ≥8.73 ng/mL) | 4.0 (1.8–8.8) | 0.001 | 3.2 (1.4–7.6) | 0.007 |
| AF endostatin level (quartile 4, ≥75.34 ng/mL) | 2.3 (1.1–4.8) | 0.036 | 2.3 (1.0–5.2) | 0.052 |
| AF IGFBP-2 level (quartile 4, ≥1.56 µg/mL) | 1.9 (0.9–4.1) | 0.091 | 1.8 (0.8–4.0) | 0.153 |
| AF IL-6 level (quartile 4, ≥41.41 ng/mL) | 2.2 (1.0–4.6) | 0.042 | 1.7 (0.8–4.0) | 0.197 |
| For severe ROP§ | ||||
| AF endoglin level (quartile 4, ≥8.73 ng/mL) | 4.1 (1.6–10.4) | 0.003 | 2.9 (1.1–7.9) | 0.033 |
| AF endostatin level (quartile 4, ≥75.34 ng/mL) | 2.7 (1.1–6.7) | 0.032 | 2.7 (1.0–7.2) | 0.048 |
| AF IGFBP-2 level (quartile 4, ≥1.56 µg/mL) | 2.6 (1.0–6.5) | 0.039 | 3.1 (1.2–8.4) | 0.023 |
| AF IL-6 level (quartile 4, ≥41.41 ng/mL) | 2.4 (1.0–6.0) | 0.051 | 1.8 (0.6–4.8) | 0.269 |
| AF IL-8 level (quartile 4, ≥11.75 ng/mL) | 3.0 (1.2–7.4) | 0.021 | 2.2 (0.8–6.0) | 0.135 |
| For vision-threatening ROP requiring laser treatment‖ | ||||
| AF endoglin level (quartile 4, ≥8.73 ng/mL) | 4.5 (1.5–14.2) | 0.009 | 5.5 (1.3–22.4) | 0.018 |
| AF endostatin level (quartile 4, ≥75.34 ng/mL) | 2.0 (0.7–5.9) | 0.209 | 1.7 (0.5–6.2) | 0.406 |
| AF MMP-8 level (quartile 4, ≥472.99 ng/mL) | 1.2 (0.4–3.6) | 0.771 | 0.6 (0.1–2.8) | 0.537 |
| AF IL-6 level (quartile 4, ≥41.41 ng/mL) | 7.0 (2.2–22.5) | 0.001 | 9.4 (1.7–52.2) | 0.001 |
| AF IL-8 level (quartile 4, ≥11.75 ng/mL) | 8.4 (2.4–30.1) | 0.001 | 8.8 (1.6–48.3) | 0.013 |
Significant findings (P < 0.05) are presented in bold.
For the ORs shown in the highest quartile (quartile 4), the reference category is the lower three quartiles.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; MMP, matrix metallopeptidases.
All continuous predictors were entered as dichotomous variables using the highest quartile cutoff points.
Gestational age at sampling (rather than gestational age at birth) was adjusted for in multivariable analyses to evaluate the independent association between IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the AF and ROP. Gestational age at delivery forms part of the causal pathway (intermediate variable) between infection and inflammation and ROP and thus is not a confounding variable.
Adjustment for low gestational age at birth (≤27.0 weeks), use of tocolytics, low 5-minute Apgar score (<7), mechanical ventilation, use of surfactant, early-onset neonatal sepsis, RDS, and BPD.
Adjustment for low gestational age at birth (≤27.0 weeks), mechanical ventilation, use of surfactant, early-onset neonatal sepsis, RDS, BPD, and NEC.
Adjustment for low gestational age at birth (≤27.0 weeks), histologic chorioamnionitis, low 5-minute Apgar score (< 7), mechanical ventilation, use of surfactant, early-onset neonatal sepsis, RDS, BPD, and NEC.