(A) Two chamber invasion assays of Beas-2B cells with knockdown of PTEN and SMAD4 (siSMAD4/PTEN) and the treatment of kinase inhibitors as indicated.
(B) Quantification of the results (A) using one-way ANOVA (p value is *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.01).
(C–G) Inhibition of tumor formation in 9-month-old Ptend/dSmad4d/d mice the treatment of kinase inhibitors. Representative whole-lung images and H&E staining of lung tissues in WT and Ptend/dSmad4d/d mice are shown in (C). Quantitative analysis of tumor growth in Ptend/dSmad4d/d mice with or without the treatment of kinase inhibitors is shown in (D)–(G). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA (p value is *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.01) on the ratio of whole lung to whole body and using Student’s t test (p value is **p < 0.01) on the maximal diameter and the number of surface tumors. Black arrows indicate lung tumors.