Table 2.

Reporting standards for corona characterization. Colours within the subheadings correspond to those in the experimental steps outlined in Fig. 1.

Reporting component	Description
Biofluid processing [Compare to MIRIBEL guidelines [16]
Collection organisms	Note sex, age, growth condition, organism part, and any known genetic variations for the source of the biofluids. If the samples were from a cell line, note passage number, cell line, source, and type.
Collection approach	Outline methods to collect cells and biofluids, including organism / biofluid processing.
Processing	Detail the purification methods, including solution conditions for biofluids before particle exposure.
Storage	Note method of storage, including temperature, solution conditions, and time.
Reaction conditions [Compare to MIRIBEL guidelines [16]
Dosimetrics	Concentration of particle and biomolecules. Often reported as the ratio of particles to protein using units of mass, surface area, or particle number.
Sample conditions	Type and concentration of buffers, salts, other solutes, as well as pH and temperature.
Replicates	How many biological and technical replicates were run?
Nanomaterial characterization
Provenance	Synthesis method, storage history, sample processing
Synthesized properties	Core composition, surface coating, size, and shape
Agglomeration state	Hydrodynamic radius, polydispersity index
Surface chemistry	Zeta-potential, surface ligand characterization
Separation techniques and processing
Corona separation	Solutes, detergents, and centrifugation speed / time (or other method of separation detailed)
Sample clean-up	Gel size and type; types of filters used to remove particulates; solvents, amounts, and timing of any precipitation steps.
Protein digestion	Details of chemicals or enzymes used to alkylate and digest the protein into peptides for MS.
LC-MS/MS analysis of protein (Compare to MIAPE-MS [25])
LC platform	Make and model of platform, type of solvent delivery system, software, and version.
MS/MS platform	Make and model of platform, type of mass analyser, software, and version.
LC column	Make, model, length, internal diameter, porosity, column chemistry.
LC gradient	Time course, flow rate, temperature and solvent compositions.
LC solvents	Solvent manufacturer, purity, additive details.
Injection volume	Volume of sample injected on LC.
MS source settings	Electrospray ionisation voltages, gas flows, ionisation mode.
MS mass analyser settings	m/z range, mass resolution, calibration solution and calibration m/z range, accumulation time/AGC setting and scan rate.
Fragmentation method	Type of fragmentation, precursor selection, fragmentation energy, collision molecule, level of fragmentation
Protein identification and quantification (Compare to MIAPE-MSI [24])
Database	List the database used for protein identification, including version and any restrictions applied in the search
Accession number	A unique identifier for each protein
Confidence in protein identification	% Coverage: The percentage of the protein sequence covered.
	Number of peptides: Total number of peptides detected for each protein, ideally 2 or more peptides.
	Number of unique peptides: Number of peptide sequences that are unique to the identified protein.
	Missed cleavages: Number of missed cleavages in the protein or peptide sequence.
	Protein probabilities and scores: Calculated probabilities or scores to give confidence in a protein identification.
Validation	Statistical analysis or comparison of replicates should be performed to assess data quality.
Quantification	Details on both the normalisation and quantification method required to enable accurate reproducibility between experiments.

MS: Mass spectrometer, LC: Liquid Chromatography, ESI: Electrospray Ionisation, m/z: mass to charge ratio, AGC: Automatic Gain Control.