Figure 1.

Algorithm for delivery of HFNC. *Titrate FiO₂ while on HFNC to maintain peripheral oxygen saturations (SpO₂) ⩾92% (or patient-specific target). †Respiratory distress defined as: mild (one accessory muscle used, mild indrawing of subcostal and intercostal muscles, mild tachypnoea, no grunting), moderate (two accessory muscles used, moderate indrawing of subcostal and intercostal muscles, moderate tachypnoea, occasional grunting); or severe (use of all accessory muscles, severe indrawing of subcostal and intercostal muscles, severe tachypnoea, regular grunting). CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; FIRST-ABC, FIRST-line support for assistance in breathing in children; FiO₂, fractional inspired oxygen; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula.