. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2019 Sep-Oct;30(5):500–510. doi: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000064

Table 4.

Demographics, HIV Clinical Characteristics, Alcohol/Substance Dependence, and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Mental Quality of Life by Age Groups

Variables^a	< 50 years of age			≥ 50 years of age

	Difference	95% CI	p-value	Difference	95% CI	p-value
Race/Ethnicity

Hispanic	4.2	(1.3, 7.2)	< .01	3.9	(0.1, 7.8)	0.043
Black	3.1	(−1.1, 7.2)	0.15	2.5	(−1.0, 6.1)	0.16
Unknown/Other^b	1.2	(−1.7, 4.1)	0.403	−1.2	(−5.1, 2.8)	0.0036
White (reference)	0.0

Married	2.5	(0.3, 4.8)	0.027

Education
< HS/GED (reference)	0.0
AA/AS	2.2	(−1.1, 5.6)	0.1857
College	−0.4	(−3.2, 2.4)	0.78
≥ Graduate School	−2.8	(−6.1, 0.5)	0.092

Employed	3.6	(0.7, 6.5)	0.015

Tobacco use^c	−2.3	(−4.7, 0.04)	0.054

Other substance use^d				−4.0	(−6.6, −1.3)	0.0036

Moderate to Severe Depression^e	−9.2	(−12.7, −5.7)	< .001	−8.5	(−11.6, −3.9)	< .001

Moderate to Severe Anxiety^f	−8.0	(−11.6, −4.3)	< .001	−13.7	(−18.0, −9.4)	<. 001

Note. CI = confidence interval; HS/GED = High school/General Education Development; AA/AS = Associates in Arts/Associates in Science.

^a.

Linear regression models using backward selection for final model selection. Variables without results were excluded based on p > .10 criterion.

^b.

Includes Asian, American Indian, Other, and Unknown

^c.

Use in the past 30 days

^d.

Use in the past 30 days and other substances include prescription drug use other than as prescribed, tranquilizers, stimulants, cocaine, painkillers, heroin, hallucinogens, and ecstasy

^e.

None to mild depression is the reference group, from Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 score

^f.

None to mild anxiety is the reference group, from Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 score