. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2019 Sep-Oct;30(5):500–510. doi: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000064

Table 5.

Demographics, HIV Clinical Characteristics, Alcohol/Substance Dependence, and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Physical Quality of Life by Age Groups

Variables^a	< 50 years of age			≥ 50 years of age

	Difference	95% CI	p-value	Difference	95% CI	p-value
Race/Ethnicity
Hispanic	−2.0	(−4.4, −0.5)	0.11
Black	−4.5	(−8.1, −1.0)	0.013
Unknown/Other^b	0.9	(−2.0, 3.8)	0.54
White (reference)	0.0

Education
< HS/GED (reference)
AA/AS	2.5	(−0.2, 5.3)	0.07
College	2.5	(0.1, 4.8)	0.04
≥ Graduate School	2.9	(0.2, 5.6)	0.033

Employed	3.8	(1.4, 6.2)	< .01	6.3	(4.1, 8.5)	< .001

HIV risk exposure group
Unknown/Other^c	−1.5	(−4.6, 1.5)	0.32
Injection Drug Use	−4.4	(−7.7, −1.1)	0.01
Heterosexual	1.2	(−3.4, 5.8)	0.62
MSM or bisexual (reference)	0.0

Hazardous alcohol use^d				−3.6	(−6.6, −0.6)	0.019

Other substance use^e	2.0	(0.04, 3.9)	0.046

Moderate to Severe Depression^f	−3.5	(−5.8, −1.2)	0.0035	−5.8	(−8.9, −2.7)	< .001

Note. CI = confidence interval, HS/GED = High school/General Education Development; AA/AS = Associates in Arts/Associates in Science; MSM = men who have sex with men.

^a.

Linear regression models using backward selection for final model selection. Variables without results were excluded based on p > 0.10 criterion.

^b.

Includes Asian, American Indian, Other, and Unknown

^c.

Includes Transfusion/Other/Unknown

^d.

Defined as 4 drinks for women and 5 drinks for men in a day for 4+ days in the past 30 days

^e.

Use in the past 30 days and other substances include prescription drug use other than as prescribed, tranquilizers, stimulants, cocaine, painkillers, heroin, hallucinogens, and ecstasy

^f.

None to mild depression is the reference group, from Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 score