Table 3. Mean and standard deviation values of pH, calcium ion release, volume change, and cytotoxicity. Different letters in each column indicate statistically significant differences between tested materials (lowercase) and periods (uppercase).
| Composition | pH | Calcium ion release (mg/L) | Volume change* | Cytotoxicity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 hoursA | 24 hoursA | 28 daysA | 3 hoursA | 24 hoursA | 28 daysB | (% after 28 days) | (%) | |
| Grey-MTAFlow cement | 8.06 ± 0.14a | 8.02 ± 0.09a | 8.07 ± 0.26a | 4.77 ± 0.76a | 4.35 ± 0.89a | 12.35 ± 1.76a | + 0.40 ± 1.80a | 106.94 ± 13.24a |
| Grey-MTAFlow + 5% ZnO | 8.12 ± 0.11a | 8.14 ± 0.07b | 8.20 ± 0.20a | 1.50 ± 0.39b | 5.78 ± 0.98b | 9.80 ± 1.09a | - 0.50 ± 2.10a | 109.00 ± 10.37a |
| Experimental cement | 7.82 ± 0.17b | 8.28 ± 0.10c | 8.60 ± 0.37b | 3.93 ± 0.70a | 3.87 ± 0.54a | 27.24 ± 3.18b | - 4.60 ± 1.30b | 133.75 ± 12.71a |
*Volume change negative values represent volume loss and positive values represents expansion.