Figure 5.

daIC activations precede evoked and spontaneous pupil dilations. a, Example 8 s segments showing ROC-derived daIC activations and pupil size fluctuations during task and rest conditions (examples were selected for illustrative purposes only and were not necessarily representative of mean effects). b, Pupil response (black) aligned to daIC HFB activation (red) peaks in each subject during task performance. c, Same as in a, but during wakeful rest (continuous visual fixation). Gray lines indicate the mean pupil response for 10,000 randomly shuffled distributions of daIC interactivation intervals. d, Insular cortex electrodes within each subject that either showed a significant association between HFB activation and subsequent increased pupil size (red) or did not show a significant association (black) during wakeful rest. Shaded error bars indicate SEM.