Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of patients with substantial eGFR decline (the fastest 25% eGFR decline) vs stable change in eGFR (the middle 50% eGFR decline)
| Characteristic | Fastest eGFR decline | Stable eGFR decline |
|---|---|---|
| N | 271 | 544 |
| Sex (M/F, %) | 63/37* | 54/46 |
| Age at diabetes onset (years) | 12.4 (8.6, 18.8)* | 14.9 (9.2, 22.6) |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 25.2 (15.0, 34.2)* | 20.3 (12.7, 30.3) |
| Current/ex/never smokers (%) | 31/23/45* | 28/21/51 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 (22.3, 26.8)* | 25.1 (23.0, 27.2) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.88 ± 0.08 | 0.87 ± 0.08 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 135 (123, 150)* | 132 (122, 143) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (72, 87) | 79 (72, 85) |
| Insulin dose (U/kg) | 0.66 (0.53, 0.85) | 0.67 (0.52, 0.82) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 73.8 (62.6, 88.0)* | 66.1 (56.3, 77.0) |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.9 (7.9, 10.2)* | 8.2 (7.3, 9.2) |
| eGFR (ml min−1 1.73 m−2) | 98 (60, 120)* | 109 (98, 119) |
| Normoalbuminuria (%) | 48* | 76 |
| Microalbuminuria (%) | 17* | 14 |
| Macroalbuminuria (%) | 35* | 10 |
| Lipid-lowering medication (%) | 17 | 9 |
| Blood pressure-lowering medication (%) | 55* | 31 |
| Retinal laser treatment (%) | 46* | 24 |
| Serum cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.0 (4.4, 5.7)* | 4.8 (4.2, 5.4) |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.5)* | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) |
| Triacylglycerols (mmol/l) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.8)* | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) |
| Serum sphingomyelin (CU)a | 0.48 (0.42, 0.55)* | 0.46 (0.40, 0.52) |
Data are presented as mean±SD or as median (25th, 75th percentile), as appropriate
25% fastest eGFR decline had a median yearly eGFR decline −4.4 (IQR −6.8, −3.1) ml min−1 1.73 m−2, whereas the stable middle 50% eGFR decline group had a median yearly eGFR decline −0.9 (IQR −1.4, −0.6) ml min−1 1.73 m−2
aNMR measures are provided in CU based on the trimethylsilyl propanoic acid reference signal
*p < 0.05 for variables with significant difference between the two groups of eGFR decline