Table 1.
Participant characteristics for PTSD (treatment responders and nonresponders) and healthy controls.
| PTSD (n = 36) | Controls (n = 36) | Treatment responders (n = 25) | Treatment nonresponders (n = 11) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 39.7 ± 11.3 | 38.3 ± 12.9 | 40.2 ± 12.4 | 38.6 ± 8.6 |
| Male, n (%) | 53% | 50% | 48% | 63.6% |
| Time since trauma, months mean (SD) | 17.5 ± 14.0 | — | 18.6 ± 15.3 | 14.9 ± 10.6 |
| Type of trauma, n (%) | — | |||
| Childhood abuse | 3 (8.3) | — | 3 (12) | 0 (0) |
| Motor vehicle accident | 5 (13.9) | — | 2 (8) | 3 (27.3) |
| Police-related trauma | 10 (27.8) | — | 8 (32) | 3 (27.3) |
| Assault | 14 (38.9) | — | 9 (36) | 5 (36.4) |
| Witness | 3 (8.3) | — | 3 (12) | 0 (0) |
| Prescribed SSRI, n (%) | 10 (27.8) | — | 8 (32) | 2 (18.2) |
| Major depressive disorder, n (%) | 19 (52.8) | — | 12 (48) | 7 (63.6) |
| Social phobia, n (%) | 15 (41.7) | — | 8 (32) | 7 (63.6) |
| Panic disorder, n (%) | 5 (13.9) | — | 4 (16) | 1 (9.1) |
| Agoraphobia, n (%) | 23 (63.9) | — | 17 (68) | 6 (54.6) |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder, n (%) | 4 (11.1) | — | 2 (8) | 2 (18.2) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder, n (%) | 12 (33.3) | — | 8 (32) | 4 (36.4) |
| DASS depression, mean (SD) | 10.9 ± 5.5 | — | 10.5 ± 5.8 | 11.8 ± 3.9 |
| DASS anxiety, mean (SD) | 8.1 ± 4.4 | — | 7.2 ± 4.8 | 10.1 ± 2.3 |
| DASS stress, mean (SD) | 12.0 ± 4.4 | — | 11.4 ± 4.6 | 13.5 ± 3.5 |
| Baseline CAPS severity, mean (SD) | 72.2 ± 14.0 | — | 71.9 ± 20.1 | 72.7 ± 11.1 |
| Post-treatment CAPS severity, mean (SD) | 27.5 ± 19.6 | — | 17.2 ± 12.1* | 51.0 ± 10.8* |
PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder, CAPS clinician-administered PTSD scale, DASS21 depression anxiety stress scale—21 items.
* indicates a significant difference at P < 0.05 between treatment responders and nonresponders.