Fig. 1.

Congenital hypothyroidism alters glucose metabolism in male offspring. (a) Total plasma T₄ concentration in dams before gestation and postpartum (n = 4–11 mice/group, Mann–Whitney U test). Statistical measurement is at 20 days for ND vs LID. (b) Measurement of total T₄ in pooled blood from male and female newborn pups (at P0, pooled blood from at least four pups per measurement, 15–17 pups in total from at least two different dams in each groups, Mann–Whitney). (c–i) Adult male offspring (8–10 weeks of age) were analysed. (c) Male offspring weight over time after birth (n = 15 mice/group, one-way ANOVA). (d) Total plasma T₄ concentration in adult male offspring (n = 5–7 mice/group, Mann–Whitney). (e) Fasting blood glucose in adult male offspring (n = 20 mice/group, Mann–Whitney). (f) IPGTT using 3 g glucose/kg body weight (n = 10 mice/group, two-way ANOVA) and AUC analysis (n = 10 mice/group, Mann–Whitney). (g) Fasting basal insulin concentrations (n = 10 mice/group, Mann–Whitney). (h) ITT (0.75 U insulin/kg) and AUC analysis (n = 10 mice/group, Mann–Whitney). (i) In vivo insulin responses to glucose (3 g/kg), (n = 9 mice/group, two-way ANOVA). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 using the tests indicated above. Data are mean ± SEM. gest, gestation