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The effects of gut dysbiosis. A dysbiotic gut microbiota, typically associated with an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, results in thinning of the intestinal mucus layer and disruption of the gut–vascular barrier. Together, loss of these physiological barriers allows for translocation of gut commensal bacteria and bacterial products into the circulation, where they travel to tissues and induce pathological inflammation
