Table 4.
Baseline Clinical Predictors of PNL of eGFR Trajectories Based on Multivariable Linear Regression Models of log(PNL) Among Pediatric Patients
| Predictor | Full Sample (n = 155) |
Pathology Subsample (n = 100) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Difference in PNL | 95% CI | P | % Difference in PNL | 95% CI | P | |
| Age, per 10 y | −23% | −51% to +20% | 0.25 | −29% | −61% to +31% | 0.27 |
| Male sex (ref: female sex) | +22% | −16% to +75% | 0.29 | +10% | −34% to +84% | 0.71 |
| Black race (ref: all other races) | +7% | −29% to +60% | 0.75 | +11% | −35% to +90% | 0.70 |
| Hispanic (ref: non-Hispanic) | +43% | −8% to +122% | 0.11 | +18% | −33% to +108% | 0.57 |
| Diagnosis (ref: MCD) | ||||||
| FSGS | −27% | −53% to +13% | 0.16 | −31% | −61% to +23% | 0.21 |
| Other | −25% | −57% to +30% | 0.30 | +14% | −73% to +383% | 0.86 |
| Follow-up time, per y | −32% | −42% to −21% | <0.01 | −31% | −45% to −13% | <0.01 |
| Baseline eGFR, per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 for eGFR ≤ 120 | +18% | +7% to +31% | <0.01 | +12% | −4% to +30% | 0.15 |
| Baseline eGFR, per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 for eGFR>120 | +2% | −4% to +8% | 0.51 | +1% | −9% to +13% | 0.80 |
| Baseline UPCR, per mg/mg | +2% | −1% to +4% | 0.15 | +2% | −1% to +6% | 0.24 |
| Baseline steroid use | −5% | −37% to +43% | 0.80 | −34% | −62% to +14% | 0.14 |
| Baseline CNI use | +33% | −16% to +111% | 0.23 | +20% | −32% to +114% | 0.52 |
| Baseline RAASi use | +12% | −26% to +68% | 0.59 | +37% | −23% to +142% | 0.28 |
| Baseline diuretic use | −15% | −49% to +45% | 0.56 | −18% | −60% to +70% | 0.59 |
| Interstitial fibrosis, per 10% | — | — | — | −8% | −28% to +18% | 0.52 |
| Foot-process effacement, per unit increase in ordinal scalea | — | — | — | +6% | −12% to +28% | 0.52 |
Note: Coefficients (beta) were transformed to 100×[exp(beta) − 1] to represent percentage change in PNL. Negative percent differences in PNL indicate more linear eGFR trajectories for a 1-unit increase in continuous variables or difference between groups for categorical variables, whereas positive percent differences in PNL indicate more nonlinear eGFR trajectories. R2 for full sample model was 0.34 and for pathology subsample model was 0.30.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CNI, calcineurin inhibitor; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FSGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; MCD, minimal change disease; PNL, probability of nonlinearity; RAASi, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor; UPCR, urinary protein-creatinine ratio.
Foot-process effacement was recorded on an ordinal scale with 0 corresponding to 0% to 10% of the glomerular capillary surface area affected by effacement, 1 = 11% to 25%, 2 = 26% to 50%, 3 = 51% to 75%, and 4 = 76% to 100%.