NBMI treatment represses the expression of skn-1, gst-4 and gcs-1. L1 stage worms were treated for 24 h with 100-1000 μM NBMI, followed by mRNA expression analysis. Worms in the 0 μM NBMI group received 0.1 % DMSO as vehicle control. (a-c) Both 100 and 1000 μM NBMI treatment induced significant decrease of mRNA of skn-1 (a), gst-4 (b) and gcs-1 (c) (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; n = 3). *P < .05, **P < .01, and ***P < .001 as compared with untreated control. #P < .05, ##P < .01, and ###P < .001 as compared with the 100 μM NBMI group.