TABLE 5.
Comparison of the PROMISE analysis and prior studies of maternal humoral immune correlates of postnatal transmission in different cohorts of transmitting and nontransmitting HIV-infected breastfeeding women
| Parameter | Mabuka et al., 2012 (22) | Kuhn et al., 2006 (21) | Pollara et al., 2015 (23) | Hompe et al., 2019 (this study) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study cohort | Kenya Breastfeeding vs. Formula Feeding Study | Zambia Exclusive Breastfeeding Study | Malawi Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition Study | African multisite Promoting Maternal and Infant Survival Everywhere Study |
| Sample size | 9 transmitting and 10 nontransmitting mothers | 26 transmitting and 64 nontransmitting mothers | 22 transmitting and 65 nontransmitting mothers | 19 transmitting and 57 nontransmitting mothers |
| Viral clade of infection | Clade A | Clade C | Clade C | Clade C (Malawi, India, South Africa); clade A/D (Uganda) |
| ART administration | No maternal ART | Single-dose nevirapine | Single-dose nevirapine at onset of labor and then 7 days of zidovudine/lamivudine | Maternal triple ART or infant nevirapine prophylaxis |
| Maternal immune status | No CD4+ T cell count restriction | No CD4+ T cell count restriction | CD4+ T cell count >200 | CD4+ T cell count of >350 |
| Breast milk humoral immune variables and their association with transmission risk | ||||
| ADCC activity | Positively associated with nontransmission | Not studied | Not associated with transmission | Not associated with transmission |
| Env-specific IgA | Not associated with transmission | Not studied | Positively associated with nontransmission | Not associated with transmission |
| Env-specific sIgA | Not studied | Not associated with transmission | Positively associated with nontransmission | Not associated with transmission |