Figure 5.

Effects of EE-TT on mRNA expression levels of rodex-related genes in H₂O₂-treated ARPE-19 cells. ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with or without 1 mM H₂O₂ for 24 h, followed by a 24 h exposure to ethanol extracts of Tribulus terrestris (EE-TT). The mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 (a), CAT (b), SOD1 (c), SOD2 (d), GST-pi (e), HO-1 (f), NQO1 (g), and GCLM (h) for each sample were measured by real-time PCR; the fold changes of each gene are shown in the bar graph compared with the control sample (nontreated cells, value of 1). The data are shown as mean ± SD, ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 vs. the control sample (non-treated cells); ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs. the sample with H₂O₂ only treated sample.