Table 1.
Comparison between SASP and DN-associated secretory phenotype.
| SASP factors | Secretory profile for senescent cells [67, 227] | DN-associated secretory phenotype | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokines | |||
| IL-1α,-1β,-2,-4,-6,-10,-13-17,-18,-20 | ↑ | ↑ | [228–239] |
| TNF-α | ↑ | ↑ | [229, 232, 233, 237–239] |
| TWEAK | ↑ | ↑ | [240] |
| ICAM-1 | ↑ | ↑ | [230, 233, 241–244] |
| VCAM-1 | ↑ | ↑ | [232] |
| Chemokines | |||
| CXCL-1,-5,-7 | ↑ | ↑ | [233, 243] |
| CCL-2,20 | ↑ | ↑ | [233] |
| CCL-4,-5 | ↑ | ↑ | [230, 243, 245] |
| IL-8 | ↑ | ↑ | [236] |
| MCP-1 | ↑ | ↑ | [235, 236, 238, 243–246] |
| MIP-1,-2 | ↑ | ↑ | [243, 244] |
| Eotaxin | × | ↑ | [241] |
| Other inflammatory factors | |||
| GM-CSF | ↑ | ↑ | [233] |
| G-CSF | × | ↑ | [234, 237] |
| IFN-γ | × | ↑ | [229] |
| Growth factors and regulators | |||
| IGFBP-3, -7 | ↑ | ↑ | [247, 248] |
| TGF-β | ↑ | ↑ | [96, 117, 234, 242, 246] |
| VEGF | ↑ | ↑ | [230, 233] |
| PDGF | ↑ | ↑ | [233] |
| FGF-2, 23 | ↑ | ↑ | [249, 250] |
| Proteases and regulators | |||
| MMP-2, -9, | ↑ | ↑ | [232, 251, 252] |
| TIMP-1 | ↓or × | ↓ | [251] |
| TIMP-2 | ↑ | ↑ | [242] |
| PAI-1 | ↑ | ↑ | [230, 232, 253] |
| Cathepsin B | ↑ | ↑ | [106, 117] |
| Insoluble factors (ECM) | |||
| Fibronectin | ↑ | ↑ | [239, 246, 253] |
| Collagens | Altered | ↑ | [231, 234, 239, 242, 246, 253] |
| Other factors | |||
| iNOS | ↑ | ↑ | [235] |
| ROS | Altered | ↑ | [96, 239] |
| COX-2 | ↑ | ↑ | [235] |
| NOX-4 | ↑ | ↑ | [254] |
| SOD | ↓ | ↓ | [96, 235, 238, 239, 254] |
| MDA | ↑ | ↑ | [96, 235, 238, 239, 254] |
Abbreviations: SASP: senescence-associated secretory phenotype; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; TWEAK: apoptosis of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule 1; VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; CXCL: C-X-C-motif chemokine ligand; CCL: C-C-motif chemokine ligand; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; IGFBP: insulin-like growth factor binding protein; TGF-β: transforming growth factor -β; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor -1; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; NOX-4: NADPH oxidase-4; SOD: superoxide dismutase; MDA: administration; ∗Upward arrows, crosses, and downward arrows show secretory increase, no change and decrease in senescence, respectively.