ABC	ATP-binding cassette	18F-FLT	18F-fluorothymidine	NSCLC	non-small cell lung carcinoma
Akt	protein kinase B	FGF	fibroblast growth factor	Oct-4	octamer binding protein 4
ALDH	enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase	FOXO	forkhead Box class O	OER	oxygen enhancement ratio
APLN	angiopoietins, ephrins, apelin	γ-H2AX	phosphorylated Histone 2AX	PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor
ATM	ataxia-telangiectasia mutated	GS	γ secretase	PET	positron emission tomography
ATR	ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein	GSIs	γ-secretase inhibitors	PlGF	placental growth factor
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma 2	GSK-3β	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog
BCSC	breast cancer stem cells	HDAC	histone deacetylases	PI3K	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
BSO	buthionine ulfoximine	HGF	hepatocyte growth factor	RAD51
CAFs	cancer-associated fibroblasts	Hh	hedgehog signaling	ROS	reactive oxygen species
CAIX	carbonic anhydrase IX	HIF1a	hypoxia-inducible factor-1a	RBE	relative biological effectiveness
CDC20	cell-division cycle protein 20	HR	homologous repair	ROS	reactive oxygen species
CD133	prominin I	ICB	immune checkpoint blockade	RT	radiotherapy
CHART	continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy trial	ICIs	immune checkpoint inhibitors	SBRT	stereotactic body radiation therapy
chks	checkpoints	IL1β	interleukine 1β	SSEA	stage-specific embryonic antigen
CHK1	checkpoint kinase 1	IL4	interleukine 4	SP	side population
CHK2	checkpoint kinase 2	IL6	interleukine 6	TAMs	tumor-associated macrophages
CSC	cancer stem cells	IL8	interleukine 8	TANs	tumor-associated neutrophils
CTC	circulating tumor cells	IL10	interleukine 10	TIMPs	endogenous metalloproteinase inhibitors
CXC	C-X-C motif chemokines	LET	linear energy transfer	TGF-ß	transforming growth factor-ß
CXCL12 C-X-C	motif chemokine ligand 12	M1	classically activated macrophage	TGF-ß1	transforming growth factor-ß1
DAHANCA	Danish Head and Neck Cancer trial	M2	alternatively activated macrophage	TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-alpha
DAMPs	damage associated molecular patterns	MDSC	myeloid-derived suppressor cells	TICs	tumor initiating cells
DCA	dichloroacetate	MiRNAs	microRNAs	TME	tumor microenvironment
DDR	DNA damage response	MMPs	matrix metalloproteases	TRAIL	Fas receptor and TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand
DNA	deoxyribonucleic Acid	mRNA	messenger RNA	Treg	regulatory T cells
DNA-PKc	DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit	mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin	TSCs	tumor stem cells
DSBs	double-strand breaks	NFκB	nuclear factor-κB	UPR	unfolded protein response
ECM	extracellular matrix	NHEJ	non-homologous end joining	UV	ultraviolet
EGF	epidermal growth factor	NRF2	nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2	VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
EMT	epithelial-mesenchymal transition	NOD/SCID	nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient	Wnt	wingless/integrated