Table 5.
Effect of different parameters on the rejection of arsenic by NF membranes.
| NF Membrane | Arsenic Rejection (%) | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenate [AsV] | Arsenite [AsIII] | ||||
| Effect of arsenic concentration of feed water | |||||
| BQ01 | 60 at 10 µg/L | 90 at 316 µg/L | 28 at 10 µg/L | 5 at 316 µg/L | [212] |
| NF-300 | 86 at 80 µg/L | 99 at 370 µg/L | --- | [213] | |
| NF-90 | Unaffected | 53 at 50 µg/L | 59 at 250 µg/L | [162] | |
| NF-200 | Unaffected | 23 at 50 µg/L | 25 at 250 µg/L | [162] | |
| --- | 90 at 20 µg/L | 100 at 90 µg/L | 9.8 at 20 µg/L | 2.0 at 90 µg/L | [214] |
| NE 90 | 90 at 20 µg/L | 96 at 100 µg/L | 44 at 20 µg/L | 40 at 100 µg/L | [215] |
| NF-PS-3 | 88.3 at 50 ppb | 97.3 at 1000 ppb | 32.6 at 50 ppb | 51.8 at 1000 ppb | [163] |
| NF-90 | 97 at 100 ppb | 99 at 1000 ppb | --- | [216] | |
| N30F | 79 at 100 ppb | 74 at 1000 ppb | --- | [216] | |
| NTR-7450 | 80.5 at 30 µg/L | 84.5 at 150 µg/L | --- | [151] | |
| UTC-70 | 95 at 30 µg/L | 99 at 150 µg/L | --- | [151] | |
| NF90-4040 | 93 at 100 µg/L | 90 at 1000 µg/L | 90 at 100 µg/L | 82 at 1000 µg/L | [160] |
| Effect of pH of feed water | |||||
| NF-45 | 25% at pH 4 | >80% at pH 9 | Unaffected | [162] | |
| BQ01 | 8% at pH 4.5 | 85% at pH 8.5 | Unaffected | [212] | |
| NE 90 | 80% at pH 4 | 98% at pH 10 | 40% at pH 8 | 65% at pH 10 | [215] |
| NF-PS-3 | 72.3% at pH 3 | 98.5% at pH 10 | 53% at pH 3 | 80.6% at pH 10 | [163] |
| N30F | 74% at pH 3.4 | 88% at pH 10 | --- | --- | [216] |
| NF-90 | 94% at pH 3.4 | 98.4% at pH 10 | --- | --- | [216] |
| NTR-7450 | 61% at pH 3 | 84% at pH 11 | 13% at pH 3 | 55% at pH 11 | [151] |
| UTC-70 | 91% at pH 3 | 99.2% at pH 11 | 70% at pH 3 | 92% at pH 11 | [151] |
| NF-1 | 87% at pH 3 | 99% at pH 10 | 50% at pH 3 | 76% at pH 10 | [153] |
| NF-2 | 82% at pH 3 | 96% at pH 10 | 33% at pH 3 | 69% at pH 10 | [153] |
| NF-20 | 86% at pH 3 | 98% at pH 10 | 43% at pH 3 | 71% at pH 10 | [153] |
| Alfa Laval NF | 80% at pH 6 | 92% at pH 8 | --- | --- | [217] |
| Dow NF270 | 87% at pH 6 | 89% at pH 8 | --- | --- | [217] |
| PMIA | 83% at pH 3 | 99% at pH 9 | --- | --- | [164] |
| SPEEK | 89% at pH 4 | 96.4% at pH 9 | --- | --- | [165] |
| Effect of applied pressure | |||||
| NF-70 | 97.3 at 0.4 MPa | 97.5 at 0.8 MPa | 96.1 at 0.4 MPa | 96.3 at 0.8 MPa | [121] |
| ES-10 | 95 at 0.3 MPa | 97.5 at 1.1 MPa | 60 at 0.3 MPa | 80 at 1.1 MPa | [218] |
| NTR-729HF | 91 at 0.3 MPa | 94 at 1.1 MPa | 10 at 0.3 MPa | 24 at 1.1 MPa | [218] |
| NTR-7250 | 85.5 at 0.3 MPa | 86 at 1.1 MPa | 8 at 0.3 MPa | 15 at 1.1 MPa | [218] |
| NF-300 | 92 at 0.31 MPa | 94 at 0.724 MPa | --- | [213] | |
| NF-90 | Unaffected | 50 at 5 bar | 63 at 20 bar | [219] | |
| NF-200 | Unaffected | 16 at 5 bar | 30 at 20 bar | [219] | |
| NF-PS-3 | Unaffected | 41 at 80 psi | 56.5 at 180 psi | [163] | |
| NF-300 | 90 at 10 bar | 99 at 50 bar | --- | [220] | |
| NTR-7450 | 74 to at 0.2 MPa | 82.5 at 1.0 MPa | 13.5 at 0.2 MPa | 21.5 at 1.0 MPa | [151] |
| UTC-70 | 95 at 0.2 MPa | 99.2 at 1.0 MPa | 70 at 0.2 MPa | 80.5 at 1.0 MPa | [151] |
| NF90-4040 | 86 at 4 bar | 94 at 7 bar | 82 at 4 bar | 89 at 7 bar | [160] |
| Effect of temperature | |||||
| NF-70 | 97.5 at 15 °C | 97 at 25 °C | 96 at 15 °C | 96.5 at 25 °C | [121] |
| NF-90 | 99.9 at 15 °C | 98.6 at 35 °C | --- | [219] | |
| NF-200 | 98.5 at 15 °C | 96.9 at 35 °C | --- | [219] | |
| NF-90 | 95.4 at 15 °C | 93.1 at 40 °C | --- | [216] | |
| N30F | 86 at 15 °C | 72 at 40 °C | --- | [216] | |
| NF90-4040 | 87 at 28 °C | 82 at 37 °C | 86 at 28 °C | 81 at 37 °C | [160] |