Table 1.
Sample characteristics by migration status.
| Total (n = 211) | Non-Migrants (n = 91) | Migrants (n = 120) | Difference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Values | %M | M (SD) or n (%) | M (SD) or n (%) | M (SD) or n (%) | ES r a | p | |
| Age at Diagnosis | 12–119 m.o. | 0% | 46.7 (22.80) | 53.96 (26.86) | 41.19 (17.33) | 0.278 | <0.001 |
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | |||||||
| Family Residence in Urban Area | No/Yes | 0% | 148 (70.1%) | 51 (56.0%) | 97 (80.8%) | 0.268 | <0.001 |
| Distance to Hospital | 0–187 km | 0% | 38.27 (37.50) | 49.27 (41.67) | 29.93 (31.73) | 0.256 | <0.001 |
| Parental Level of Education above High School | No/Yes | 41% | 37 (30.1%) | 23 (42.6%) | 14 (20.3%) | 0.241 | 0.007 |
| Clinical Characteristics | |||||||
| Male Gender | No/Yes | 0% | 174 (82.5%) | 77 (84.6%) | 97 (80.8%) | 0.049 | 0.474 |
| Non-Verbal Developmental Quotient, (D/IQ) | 16–122 | 13% | 62.26 (18.89) | 65.5 (21.15) | 59.67 (16.56) | 0.155 | 0.036 |
| D/IQ 50 or Below | No/Yes | 13% | 37 (20.1%) | 16 (19.8%) | 21 (20.4%) | 0.008 | 0.915 |
| Expressive Language Quotient (ELQ) | 13–128 | 15% | 46.38 (24.44) | 57.42 (28.93) | 39.34 (18.46) | 0.340 | <0.001 |
| ELQ 50 or Below | No/Yes | 15% | 118 (65.9%) | 37 (49.3%) | 81 (77.90%) | 0.297 | <0.001 |
| Receptive Language Quotient (RLQ) | 15–133 | 15% | 48.25 (24.65) | 59.6 (29.04) | 40.75 (18.23) | 0.355 | <0.001 |
| RLQ Score 50 or Below | No/Yes | 15% | 116 (64.8%) | 36 (47.4%) | 80 (77.70%) | 0.314 | <0.001 |
| ADOS-Calibrated Severity Scores—Total CSS | |||||||
| Social Affect—CSS | 1–10 | 18% | 6.35 (2.19) | 5.83 (2.16) | 6.71 (2.15) | 0.591. | 0.041 |
| Repetitive Behaviour—CSS | 1–10 | 18% | 5.85 (1.8) | 5.76 (1.86) | 5.91 (1.86) | 0.009. | 0.198 |
| ICD-10 ASD Code | |||||||
| Autism Disorder | 0% | 122 (57.80%) | 38 (41.8%) | 84 (70.00%) | 0.385 | <0.001 | |
| Asperger‘s Disorder | 21 (10%) | 20 (22%) | 1 (0.80%) | ||||
| PDD-nos | 68 (32.20%) | 33 (36.2%) | 35 (29.20%) | ||||
| Referral to Diagnosis | |||||||
| Referred by Paediatrician | No/Yes | 27% | 76 (36%) | 23 (25.3%) | 53 (44.2%) | 0.289 | <0.001 |
Note. %M = percentage missing values, M = mean, SD = standard deviation. a Effect size estimates for differences between migrants and non-migrants in a correlation metric.