Table 2.

Relative fecal metabolite concentrations for other renal-associated markers and metabolites in healthy cats (H cats) and CKD cats at baseline (after feeding pretrial food ¹ for 14 days) and after feeding food A ² (containing scFOS) or food B ³ (containing apple pomace) as fiber sources for 4 weeks each.

	Mean Values *						Group Effect ‡
	H Cats			CKD Cats			Overall Effect of Health	Overall Effect of Both Treatments	H Cats: Effect of Treatment with Food B versus Food A ¥	CKD Cats: Effect of Treatment with Food B versus Food A ¥	Overall Effect of Interaction
Metabolites	BSL #	Food A	Food B	BSL #	Food A	Food B	P-Value	P-Value	P-Value	P-Value	P-Value
Creatine Metabolism
guanidinoacetate	1.83	1.07	0.84 §	1.49	1.05 §	1.43	0.84	0.02	0.46	0.28	0.42
creatine	0.98	1.16	1.54	1.42	0.76	1.45	0.26	0.20	0.37	0.33	0.78
creatinine	0.92	1.04	1.40 §	1.10	0.72	1.38	0.26	0.16	0.24	0.19	0.38
N-methylhydantoin	1.00	1.24	1.53	0.88	0.26 §	0.58	0.02	0.27	0.53	0.17	0.10
Tryptophan Metabolism
tryptophan	1.19	1.57	1.61	1.64	0.85 §	0.83 §	0.14	0.15	0.98	0.65	0.005
N-acetyltryptophan	1.25	1.21	1.24	1.67	0.85 §	0.84 §	0.36	0.000	0.79	0.76	0.02
tryptophan betaine	0.55	1.01 §	1.03 §	0.55	0.93 §	0.92 §	0.19	0.000	0.61	0.67	0.31
kynurenine	1.02	0.96	0.97	1.27	0.95 §	1.10	0.74	0.02	0.96	0.19	0.17
N-acetylkynurenine (2)	0.79	0.96	1.38 §	1.83	1.32 §	1.34	0.36	0.07	0.08	0.12	0.02
kynurenate	1.03	0.95	0.92	1.20	1.07	1.30	0.30	0.26	0.59	0.06	0.22
N-formylanthranilic acid	1.59	1.04 §	0.86 §	1.61	1.32 §	0.89 §	0.81	0.000	0.15	0.14	0.81
anthranilate	1.12	0.82	0.74	1.45	0.75	0.70 §	0.48	0.03	0.70	0.58	0.96
xanthurenate	1.25	1.22	0.88 §	0.99	0.96	0.79 §	0.05	0.000	0.001	0.03	0.61
picolinate	0.90	1.25 §	0.98	1.10	1.08	0.96	0.87	0.08	0.04	0.62	0.10
serotonin	1.31	0.95 §	0.83 §	1.19	1.15	0.90 §	0.65	0.000	0.14	0.07	0.02
5-hydroxyindoleacetate	1.00	1.09	0.83	1.05	1.18 §	0.90	0.59	0.02	0.01	0.14	0.25
tryptamine	1.85	0.93	0.76 §	9.41	3.04 §	6.76	0.05	0.001	0.41	0.08	0.15
indolelactate	0.87	2.28 §	3.02 §	1.28	0.79 §	1.05	0.06	0.22	0.39	0.32	0.002
indoleacetate	1.17	0.85	0.89	0.69	0.93 §	0.99	0.68	0.58	0.70	1.00	0.07
indolepropionate	1.77	1.94	1.77	2.57	0.85	0.85	0.70	0.05	0.18	0.77	0.74
indole	5.74	1.01	1.22	6.33	3.59	1.05 §	0.46	0.05	0.91	0.42	0.45
indole-3-carboxylic acid	1.18	0.83	0.56 §	0.95	1.06	0.81	0.53	0.24	0.39	0.83	0.09
indoleacetylglycine	0.99	1.15	2.34 §	1.16	1.19	1.72	0.35	0.01	0.04	0.10	0.13
2-aminophenol	2.38	0.93 §	0.93 §	2.62	0.86 §	0.93 §	0.62	0.000	0.96	0.89	0.14
valeryltryptophan	1.60	1.34	1.19	2.06	0.62 §	0.60 §	0.25	0.000	0.49	0.99	0.19
Benzoate Metabolism
hippurate	0.32	0.90 §	1.85 §	0.57	0.67	1.50	0.29	0.000	0.03	0.39	0.06
2-hydroxyhippurate (salicylurate)	0.67	1.71 §	2.07 §	0.75	1.11	1.16	0.12	0.001	0.50	0.99	0.03
4-hydroxyhippurate	0.84	1.39 §	2.27 §	1.23	1.11	0.98	0.09	0.02	0.03	0.78	0.01
benzoate	1.03	0.98	1.00	1.04	0.89	0.88 §	0.25	0.12	0.79	0.43	0.29
4-hydroxybenzoate	1.05	1.49 §	1.37 §	2.00	1.18	1.40	0.86	0.40	0.94	0.58	0.08
catechol sulfate	1.20	0.93	1.25	0.86	0.81	1.12	0.28	0.26	0.35	0.57	0.81
4-methylcatechol sulfate	1.70	1.33	3.94 §	1.36	0.80	2.93 §	0.23	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.61
p-cresol	1.12	1.07	1.01	1.08	0.94	0.76 §	0.31	0.03	0.42	0.25	0.66
p-cresol sulfate	1.31	0.84	1.17	0.87	0.75	0.79	0.24	0.71	0.20	0.92	0.60
phenylpropionylglycine	0.63	1.61 §	2.99 §	0.43	0.43	0.51	0.01	0.01	0.20	0.85	0.03
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionate sulfate	1.34	0.85	0.96	0.93	0.56 §	0.73	0.33	0.09	0.52	0.76	0.63
2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate	0.45	0.80 §	0.61	0.45	1.19 §	0.83 §	0.43	0.001	0.22	0.33	0.74
3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionate	1.85	0.90 §	0.75 §	1.93	0.78 §	0.86	0.60	0.000	0.67	0.62	0.56
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate	1.29	1.04	1.07	1.10	1.02	1.22	0.64	0.27	0.96	0.16	0.61
3-phenylpropionate (hydrocinnamate)	9.21	5.70	2.57 §	7.63	16.56	11.69	0.83	0.14	0.09	0.37	0.01

^{1–3, *, ‡, ¥, #, §} See Table 1.