Table 3.

Alkaloids and associated natural compounds modulating miRNA and their mechanism of action against various cellular and animal models

Natural Products	Modulation of miRNAs	Mechanism of action	Tumor type	References/Authors
Berberine (BBM) and Berbamine derivate (BBMD3)	↑miR-34a-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-152, miR-429, miR-29a, miR-34a, miR-154, miR-26a, miR-124, miR-101, miR-122, miR-203	Inhibits snail-mediated EMT, induction of apoptosis by targeting XIAP, p53-mediated apoptosis induction, suppresses cell cycle proteins, targets cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), arrests cell cycle and sensitizes tumor cells to cisplatin therapy, modulates DNMTs	NSCLC, AML, CRC, melanoma, multiple myeloma, endometrial carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, gastric carcinoma	Zheng et al. 2020 [112], Liu et al. 2020 [113], Dong et al. 2019 [114], Yin et al. [115], Gu et al. 2017 [116], Wang et al. 2018 [117], Li et al. 2018 [118], Chen et al. 2015 [119], You et al. 2016 [120], Liu et al. 2016 [121], Huang et al. 2017 [122]
	↓miR-19a/92a, miR-106b/26, miR-93, miR106b/25
Camptothecin (CPT)	↑miR-155, miR-17-5p, miR-506	Induces apoptosis, autophagy and triggers cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase, reduces HIF-1α protein expression and activity, sensitization of cells to apoptosis	Myeloid leukemia, Cervical carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, CRC	Zeng et al. 2012 [124], Bertozzi et al. 2014 [125], Cheng et al. 2015 [126], Wu et al. 2011 [127], Tong et al. 2011 [128], Huang et al. 2015 [129]
	↓miR-125b, miR-30a, miR-125b	Inhibits apoptosis and autophagy, prevents intrinsic apoptosis
Vincristine	↑miR-155, miR-222-3p	Induces apoptosis, p53 upregulation, Drug-resistance, downregulation of apoptotic pathways	Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, breast cancer, CRC, megakaryoblastic leukemia, ALL	Due et al. 2019 [130], Mavrogiannis et al. 2018 [131], Dong et al. 2015 [132], Kandi et al. 2015 [133]
	↓miR-99a, miR-125b, miR-100