Table 4.

Modulation of miRNA expression by other natural product compounds and their possible mechanism of action

Natural Products	Modulation of miRNAs	Mechanism of action	Tumor type	References/Authors
Curcumin	↑miRNA-146a, MiR-196b, miR-1264, miR-34a, miR-99a, miR-344a-3p	Sensitization of cells to TMZ-mediated apoptosis, Bcr-Abl downregulation, radiosensitization-mediated p53 activation in cells, targets JAK/STAT pathway, inhibits cell invasion and motility, apoptosis induction	Glioblastoma, CML, bladder carcinoma, prostate cancer, retinoblastoma, thymic carcinoma, gastric cancer, schwannoma	Wu et al. 2015 [136], Taverna et al. 2015 [137], Xu et al. 2019 [138], Zhu et al. 2019 [139], Li et al. 2018 [140], Gallardo et al. 2020 [141], Han et al. 2020 [142], Qiang et al. 2019 [143], Sohn et al. 2018 [144]
	↓miR-27a, miR-21
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)	↑miR-34a	Attenuates tumor angiogenesis, sensitization of cells, restores MICA expression and enhances anti-tumor effect	Breast carcinoma, multiple myeloma, gastric carcinoma	LeMay et al. 2018 [146], Dai et al. 2017 [147], Shekari et al. 2019 [148]
	↓miR-21, miR-20a
6-gingerol (6G)	↑miR-27b, miR-103	Blocks PPARγ-NF-kB pathway, mitigates BNIP3 regulation associated JNK and p38MAPK signaling pathway	Myeloid leukemia, neuroblastoma	Rastogi et al. 2014 [150], Kang et al. 2019 [151]
Diaporine A	↑miR-99a	Suppresses mTOR pathway	SCLC	Lin et al. 2017 [152]
Prodigiosene	↑miR-16-1	Targets surviving	CRC	Sam et al. 2016 [153]
Aplysin	↑miR-181, miR-181b	Sensitize cells towards apoptosis	Glioblastoma	Gong et al. 2014 [154]
Methyl jasmonate	↑miR-101	Triggers apoptosis, downregulates EZH2	Bladder cancer, CRC	Wang et al. 2014 [155], Peng et al. 2017 [156]
Ellagitannin (BJA321) and BJA32515	↓miR-21	Activates Pdcd4 by upregulating PTEN	Prostate cancer	Zhou et al. 2016 [157]
1’S-1’-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA)	↓miR-210, miR-629	Sensitization of resistant cells	Cervical carcinoma	Phuah et al. 2017 [159], Phuah et al. 2017 [160]
10’(Z), 13’(E), 15’(E)-heptadecatrienylhydroquinone [HQ17 (3)]	↑miR-17-92	Downregulation of c-Myc-mediated apoptosis	Leukemia	Liao et al. 2014 [161]
Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) and Diindolylmethane (DIM)	↑miR-150-5p, miR-212/132	Targets MAP3K12 pathway, suppresses metastasis by targeting SOX4, activates autophagy	Prostate cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer	Yu et al. 2018 [165], Hanieh et al. 2015 [166], Ye et al. 2016 [167], Royam et al. 2019 [168], Sayeed et al. 2017 [169]
	↓miR-30e